{"id":10698,"date":"2023-03-07T03:48:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T02:48:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=10698"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:57:39","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:57:39","slug":"informacie-udaje-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/informacie-udaje-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Inform\u00e1cie, \u00fadaje, d\u00e1ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Inform\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n

Slovo inform\u00e1cia poch\u00e1dza z latinsk\u00e9ho slova \u201einformo\u201c \u010do v preklade znamen\u00e1 pren\u00e1\u0161anie spr\u00e1v, ozn\u00e1menie, ale aj zn\u00e1zornenie, op\u00edsanie nie\u010doho. \u201eP\u00f4vodne pod inform\u00e1ciou bola ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, \u00fadaj, \u010d\u00edslo vo v\u0161eobecnosti. S rozvojom te\u00f3rie syst\u00e9mov sa pojem inform\u00e1cia konkretizoval, hoci si pritom zachoval aj svoj prvotn\u00fd v\u00fdznam a za\u010dal sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v presnej\u0161om zmysle pre ozna\u010denie spr\u00e1v, vedomost\u00ed pozorovate\u013ea o syst\u00e9me a prostred\u00ed jeho fungovania.\u201c[1]<\/a> Autorka \u0160varcov\u00e1 definuje inform\u00e1ciu ako ,,poznatok o ur\u010ditej skuto\u010dnosti, predmetu alebo javu zachytenom v spr\u00edstupnite\u013enej forme, vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00fd pri prisp\u00f4sobovan\u00ed sa \u010dloveka \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu.\u201c[2]<\/a> Aby \u010dlovek mohol nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 inform\u00e1ciu, mus\u00ed zachyti\u0165 podnet z okolia, ktor\u00fd je v mozgu zaznamenan\u00fd, \u010falej subjekt\u00edvne spracovan\u00fd a n\u00e1sledne odovzdan\u00fd okoliu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edjemca inform\u00e1cie vn\u00edma zachyten\u00fd impulz z okolia na z\u00e1klade in\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed a znalost\u00ed, v mysliach sa v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku zna\u010dne odli\u0161uj\u00fa. ,,Inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menia, ktor\u00e9 pr\u00edjemca vie interpretova\u0165, pova\u017euje ich za pravdiv\u00e9 a kompletn\u00e9 v potrebnej miere a je kompetentn\u00fd v konkr\u00e9tnom \u010dase a priestore ich vyu\u017ei\u0165.\u201c [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00dadaje<\/h2>\n

Inform\u00e1cia je teda \u00fadaj, ktor\u00fd prij\u00edman\u00fd subjekt pova\u017euje za podstatn\u00fd pre jeho existenciu, ktor\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vne porozumel, m\u00e1 snahu zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si ho a realizova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom prijatej znalosti svoje bytie. Inform\u00e1ciu mo\u017eno len vtedy pova\u017eova\u0165 za inform\u00e1ciu, ke\u010f v sebe zah\u0155\u0148a obsah, ktor\u00fd prij\u00edmate\u013e pochop\u00ed. V opa\u010dnom pr\u00edpade mo\u017eno kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee ne\u0161lo o inform\u00e1ciu ale o nejasn\u00fd \u0161um alebo nepochopen\u00fd podnet z okolia.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1ta<\/h2>\n

\u201eD\u00e1ta s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ch\u00e1pan\u00e9 ako \u0161tatistick\u00e9 fakty, \u010dasovo nez\u00e1visl\u00e9. Odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa stav reality v ur\u010ditom \u010dasovom okamihu, a preto sa nedaj\u00fa meni\u0165. Daj\u00fa sa len z\u00edska\u0165 nov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta o realite v inom \u010dasovom okamihu. Zmyslom spracovania d\u00e1t je vytvorenie inform\u00e1cie.\u201c [4]<\/a> V porovnan\u00ed s inform\u00e1ciou, ktor\u00e1 je ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 jednotlivcami ve\u013emi subjekt\u00edvne, d\u00e1ta ke\u010f s\u00fa u\u017e raz v\u0161eobecne dan\u00e9, za \u017eiadnych okolnost\u00ed ned\u00f4jde k vytvoreniu si individu\u00e1lneho obrazu ani k ich zmene.
\n,,\u00dadaje, d\u00e1ta s\u00fa ozn\u00e1menie, ktor\u00fdm subjekt nerozumie a nem\u00f4\u017ee ich vyu\u017ei\u0165. Dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u0161ak rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 ich syntaktick\u00fd aspekt, ich nosite\u013eov, napr. abecedn\u00e9 a \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 znaky, grafy a tabu\u013eky.\u201c [5]<\/a> \u00dadaje a d\u00e1ta m\u00f4\u017eu pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 r\u00f4zne zariadenia a mechanizmy v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej techniky a v neposlednom rade aj \u013eudia, k\u00fdm inform\u00e1cie existuj\u00fa len vo vz\u0165ahu k osob\u00e1m. \u00dadaj v porovnan\u00ed s inform\u00e1ciou je ,,skratkov\u00e9 profesion\u00e1lne ozna\u010denie pre \u010d\u00edsla, text, zvuk, obraz, pr\u00edp. \u010fal\u0161ie zmyslov\u00e9 vnemy ako \u010duch, hmat.\u201c<\/em><\/em>[6]<\/a> Mana\u017e\u00e9ri potrebuj\u00fa pr\u00e1cu s inform\u00e1ciami, na rozdiel od po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa iba s d\u00e1tami a \u00fadajmi. Na z\u00e1klade z\u00edskan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa jednotlivec m\u00f4\u017ee rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre ur\u010dit\u00fa variantu, na druhej strane \u00fadaj a d\u00e1ta mana\u017e\u00e9rom rozhodovanie ve\u013emi neu\u013eah\u010dia, z d\u00f4vodu ich v\u0161eobecnej platnosti v celej spolo\u010dnosti. <\/em><\/p>\n

Klasifik\u00e1cia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Autori jednotliv\u00fdch publik\u00e1ci\u00ed uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nespo\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo klasifik\u00e1ci\u00ed inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Z ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 len rozdelenia z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch h\u013ead\u00edsk.
\n,,Pod\u013ea obsahu zobrazovan\u00fdch procesov m\u00f4\u017eeme z poh\u013eadu mana\u017e\u00e9ra rozdeli\u0165 inform\u00e1cie na:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. ekonomick\u00e9,<\/li>\n
  2. neekonomick\u00e9.\u201c [7]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ekonomick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa ekonomick\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o inform\u00e1cie o n\u00e1kladoch, v\u00fdnosoch, tr\u017eb\u00e1ch, obrate, zisku, \u00faveroch, bank\u00e1ch, a pod. Neekonomick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie nes\u00favisia s ekonomickou \u010dinnos\u0165ou podniku, s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 napr. na vybavenie organiz\u00e1cie strojmi a zariadeniami, na v\u00fdkony strojov a presnos\u0165 strojov.
    \n,,Pod\u013ea p\u00f4vodu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pri riaden\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 inform\u00e1cie na:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. inform\u00e1cie vonkaj\u0161ie (extern\u00e9),<\/li>\n
    2. inform\u00e1cie vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 (intern\u00e9).\u201c [8]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Extern\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vo\u013ene dostupn\u00e9 pre organiz\u00e1ciu, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed len na mana\u017e\u00e9roch, z akej oblasti ich bud\u00fa \u010derpa\u0165.
      \n,,Extern\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017ee organiz\u00e1cia rozdeli\u0165 na:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. inform\u00e1cie z prieskumu potrieb,<\/li>\n
      2. inform\u00e1cie z prieskumu spotrebite\u013eov,<\/li>\n
      3. inform\u00e1cie z prieskumu v\u00fdrobkov.\u201c [9]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Mana\u017e\u00e9rom m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie z okolia podniku z\u00e1kazn\u00edci prostredn\u00edctvom v\u00fdskumu individu\u00e1lnych po\u017eiadaviek, odberatelia, dod\u00e1vatelia ale aj samotn\u00fd trh pomocou samotnej ponuky produktov.
        \nIntern\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie m\u00e1 podnik k dispoz\u00edcii v r\u00e1mci prebiehaj\u00facich procesov vych\u00e1dzaj\u00facich z vn\u00fatornej \u0161trukt\u00fary podniku. ,,Ich \u00falohou je zabezpe\u010di\u0165 informovanos\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov r\u00f4znych stup\u0148ov riadenia o:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. cie\u013eoch<\/li>\n
        2. programoch,<\/li>\n
        3. stave podnikov\u00fdch zdrojov,<\/li>\n
        4. priebehu pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch procesov.\u201c [10]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          ,,Pod\u013ea postavenia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v syst\u00e9me riadenia m\u00f4\u017eeme rozli\u0161ova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. operat\u00edvne,<\/li>\n
          2. taktick\u00e9,<\/li>\n
          3. strategick\u00e9.\u201c [11]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Operat\u00edvne inform\u00e1cie potrebuj\u00fa l\u00edniov\u00ed mana\u017e\u00e9ri<\/a> pri pravideln\u00fdch probl\u00e9moch vznikaj\u00facich dennodenne v r\u00e1mci pracoviska. Taktick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa neodmyslite\u013en\u00e9 na strednej \u00farovni riadenia organiz\u00e1cie, s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na h\u013eadanie sp\u00f4sobov a prostriedkov, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00fdch dosiahne organiz\u00e1cia vyt\u00fd\u010den\u00fd cie\u013e. Strategick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa najtypickej\u0161ie pre vrcholov\u00fd mana\u017ement, ktor\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom dlhodob\u00fdch \u00faloh formuluje a stanovuje strat\u00e9giu, ktorou sa bude organiz\u00e1cia dlhodobo ubera\u0165.
            \n,,Pod\u013ea stup\u0148a agreg\u00e1cie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed mo\u017eno rozli\u0161ova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. prvotn\u00e9<\/li>\n
            2. druhotn\u00e9.\u201c [12]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Prvotn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fa realitu konkr\u00e9tnych javov, situ\u00e1ciu v ktorej jednotliv\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia v skuto\u010dnosti vznikla, a v ktorej naozaj proces prebehol. Pre svoju pr\u00e1cu potrebuje naj\u010dastej\u0161ie prvotn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie mana\u017e\u00e9r najni\u017e\u0161ej \u00farovne riadenia. Druhotn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa odvoden\u00e9 od prvotn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Stv\u00e1r\u0148uj\u00fa priebeh skuto\u010dnost\u00ed len sprostredkovane.
              \nInform\u00e1cie sa z \u010dasov\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska \u010dlenia na inform\u00e1cie ,,vz\u0165ahuj\u00face sa na:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. minulos\u0165 (ex-post),<\/li>\n
              2. bud\u00facnos\u0165 (ex-ante),<\/li>\n
              3. pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 (re\u00e1lny \u010das).\u201c [13]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Inform\u00e1cie ex-post sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v \u0161tatistike na vypracov\u00e1vanie \u0161tatistick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov z minul\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. Ex-ante s\u00fa typ inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 progn\u00f3zuj\u00fa bud\u00faci stav inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, prostredn\u00edctvom nich sa zostavuj\u00fa pl\u00e1ny na nasleduj\u00face roky. Inform\u00e1cie pr\u00edtomnosti zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa realistick\u00fa etapu.
                \n                [1]<\/a> Euroekon\u00f3m. [on-line]. [cit. 24.4.2012]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/download2\/diplomovka-teoria-manazment\/Teoria-Diplomova-praca-Informacny-system-a-rozhodovanie.pdf
                \n                [2]<\/a> \u0160varcov\u00e1, I. \u2013 Rain, T. 2011. Informa\u010dn\u00ed management<\/em>. Praha : Alfa. 2011. 183 s. ISBN 978-80-87197-40-0. s. 20.
                \n                [3]<\/a> Povrazn\u00edk, J. a kol. 2007. Celostn\u00fd mana\u017ement<\/em>. \u017dilina : Poradca podnikate\u013ea. 2007. 540 s. ISBN 978-80-88931-73-7. s. 421.
                \n                [4]<\/a> \u0160varcov\u00e1, I. \u2013 Rain, T. 2011. Informa\u010dn\u00ed management<\/em>. Praha : Alfa. 2011. 183 s. ISBN 978-80-87197-40-0. s. 23.
                \n                [5]<\/a> Povrazn\u00edk, J. a kol. 2007. Celostn\u00fd mana\u017ement<\/em>. \u017dilina : Poradca podnikate\u013ea. 2007. 540 s. ISBN 978-80-88931-73-7. s. 420.
                \n                [6]<\/a> Vod\u00e1\u010dek, L \u2013 Vod\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, O. 1999. Management: Teorie a praxe v informa\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti<\/em>. Praha : Management Press. 1999. 291 s. ISBN 80-85943-94-8. s. 33.
                \n                [7]<\/a> Jen\u010do M. \u2013 Vyhnal P. 2012. Inform\u00e1cie a informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/em>. Poprad : 2008. 254 s. ISBN 978-80-88680-44-4. s. 18.
                \n                [8]<\/a> Jen\u010do M. \u2013 Vyhnal P. 2012. Inform\u00e1cie a informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/em>. Poprad : 2008. 254 s. ISBN 978-80-88680-44-4. s. 18.
                \n                [9]<\/a> Dudinsk\u00e1, E. 1996. Mana\u017e\u00e9rska informatika<\/em>. Ko\u0161ice : IRISH PUBLISHING. 1996. 128 s. ISBN 80-967048-7-7. s. 20.
                \n                [10]<\/a> Dudinsk\u00e1, E. 1996. Mana\u017e\u00e9rska informatika<\/em>. Ko\u0161ice : IRISH PUBLISHING. 1996. 128 s. ISBN 80-967048-7-7. s. 15.
                \n                [11]<\/a> Jen\u010do M. \u2013 Vyhnal P. 2012. Inform\u00e1cie a informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/em>. Poprad : 2008. 254 s. ISBN 978-80-88680-44-4. s. 20.
                \n                [12]<\/a> Dudinsk\u00e1, E. 1996. Mana\u017e\u00e9rska informatika<\/em>. Ko\u0161ice : IRISH PUBLISHING. 1996. 128 s. ISBN 80-967048-7-7. s. 22.
                \n                [13]<\/a> Hap\u00e1kov\u00e1, A. 2008. Informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pre mana\u017ement<\/em>. Pre\u0161ov : DATAPRESS. 2008. 60 s. ISBN 978-80-967289-4-7. s. 8.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Inform\u00e1cie Slovo inform\u00e1cia poch\u00e1dza z latinsk\u00e9ho slova \u201einformo\u201c \u010do v preklade znamen\u00e1 pren\u00e1\u0161anie spr\u00e1v, ozn\u00e1menie, ale aj zn\u00e1zornenie, op\u00edsanie nie\u010doho. \u201eP\u00f4vodne pod inform\u00e1ciou bola ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62,553],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manazment","category-vzdelavam-sa"],"yoast_head":"\nInform\u00e1cie, \u00fadaje, d\u00e1ta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Defin\u00edcia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u00fadajov a d\u00e1t. 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