{"id":12725,"date":"2023-05-04T22:20:51","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T20:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=12725"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:57:02","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:57:02","slug":"obtazovanie-mobbing-harassment-a-ine-sikanovanie-na-pracovisku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/obtazovanie-mobbing-harassment-a-ine-sikanovanie-na-pracovisku\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u0165a\u017eovanie, mobbing, harassment a in\u00e9 \u0161ikanovanie na pracovisku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pojem mobbing (mobing)\u00a0<\/strong>vznikol z anglick\u00e9ho slova mob\u00a0a znamen\u00e1 niekomu vynada\u0165, \u00fato\u010di\u0165, napada\u0165, utla\u010da\u0165. Z \u013eudsk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania sa preniesol v 60. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia a ako prv\u00ed ho zaznamenali \u0161vedski odborn\u00edci – psychol\u00f3g Leimanc.<\/p>\n

\u010co je to mobbing?<\/h2>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pozornos\u0165 sa mobbingu (mobingu) za\u010dala venova\u0165 v 90. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. Mobing ako tak\u00fd preklad\u00e1me ako psychologick\u00fd teror<\/strong>\u00a0alebo psychoteror v pracovnom \u017eivote, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a nepriate\u013esk\u00e9, nev\u013eudn\u00e9 a neetick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong> realizovan\u00e9 systematicky a cielene jednou alebo viac osobami vo\u010di inej osobe alebo skupine os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 sa v d\u00f4sledku tak\u00e9hoto spr\u00e1vania dostan\u00fa do bezv\u00fdchodiskovej a obrannej poz\u00edcie.
\nV tejto s\u00favislosti sa psychick\u00fd teror ch\u00e1pe ako ak\u00e9ko\u013evek neprimeran\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie vo forme slovn\u00fdch alebo p\u00edsomn\u00fdch nar\u00e1\u017eok, v\u00fdre\u010dn\u00fdch posunkov a skutkov, ktor\u00e9 nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa d\u00f4stojnos\u0165 fyzick\u00fa aj psychick\u00fa integritu osobnosti, ohrozuj\u00fa jej pracovn\u00fd v\u00fdkon a v\u00fdrazne sa podielaj\u00fa na zhor\u0161en\u00ed celkovej atmosf\u00e9ry na pracovisku. Pracovn\u00fd t\u00edm, kde je mobbing, je pozna\u010den\u00fd zvy\u0161enou \u00farov\u0148ou nap\u00e4tia, otvorenou alebo skrytou agresivitou, spr\u00e1van\u00edm zamestnanacov a zn\u00ed\u017eenou v\u00fdkonnos\u0165ou v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u010dlenov t\u00edmu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Typy mobbingu<\/h2>\n

Medzi odvodeniny – deriv\u00e1ty mobbingu patria:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0161ikanovanie<\/strong>\u00a0– vyskytuje sa najm\u00e4 v \u0161kolskom prostred\u00ed, arm\u00e1de, alebo v\u00e4zen\u00ed a typick\u00fdm \u0161ikanovan\u00edm je najm\u00e4 \u2013 n\u00e1silie, prenasledovanie obete, jej ob\u0165a\u017eovanie, trestanie a t\u00fdranie. Naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm motivom \u0161ikanovania je iracion\u00e1lna t\u00fa\u017eba \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka po moci, vytv\u00e1ranie falo\u0161n\u00e9ho pocitu bezpe\u010dia a vyzna\u010duje sa prevahou fyzick\u00fdch \u00fatokov oproti psychick\u00fdm \u00fatokom. Naopak mobbing je podporen\u00fd racion\u00e1lnymi mot\u00edvmi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka s cie\u013eom s nepokoji\u0165 obe\u0165 zni\u017eova\u0165 jej seba\u00factu, deprimova\u0165 a izolova\u0165, pri\u010dom vyu\u017e\u00edva vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 psychologick\u00fdch \u00fatokov v porovnan\u00ed s fyzick\u00fdmi \u00fatokmi.<\/li>\n
  2. bossing<\/strong>\u00a0– je to \u0161pecifick\u00e1 forma mobbingu pri ktorej je \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom ved\u00faci pracovn\u00edk, \u00fatoky s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na jeho podriaden\u00fdch s cie\u013eom vyn\u00fati\u0165 si ich poslu\u0161nos\u0165, re\u0161pekt a prisp\u00f4sobenie sa pr\u00edpadne vyn\u00fatenie dobrovo\u013en\u00e9ho odchodu z dan\u00e9ho pracoviska.<\/li>\n
  3. staffing<\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. harassment<\/strong> – sexu\u00e1lne ob\u0165a\u017eovanie na pracovisku<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bossing<\/h3>\n

    Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie strat\u00e9gie bossingu patria:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • sizyfovsk\u00e1 taktika<\/strong> \u2013 znamen\u00e1 pride\u013eovanie nam\u00e1hav\u00fdch \u00faloh, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto nemaj\u00fa zmysel<\/li>\n
    • taktika mal\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek<\/strong> \u2013 je to pride\u013eovanie \u00faloh, ktor\u00e9 nezodpovedaj\u00fa dosiahnutej kvalifik\u00e1ci\u00ed a schopnostiam zamestnanca.<\/li>\n
    • prehnan\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky<\/strong> \u2013 pridel\u00e9 \u00falohy s\u00fa nadr\u00e1mec kvalifik\u00e1cie a schopnosti zamestnanca<\/li>\n
    • trval\u00e1 kontrola<\/strong> \u2013 \u010dinnos\u0165 a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 zamestannaca sa kontrolu nad be\u017en\u00fd r\u00e1mec<\/li>\n
    • oklie\u0161tenie kompetenci\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 systematicky sa zu\u017euje pracovn\u00e1 oblas\u0165 zamestnanca<\/li>\n
    • izol\u00e1cia<\/strong> \u2013 vylu\u010dovanie z por\u00e1d, zadr\u017eiavanie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, alebo priestorov\u00e1 izol\u00e1cia<\/li>\n
    • \u00fatoky na zdravie<\/strong> \u2013 pridelovanie zdraviu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed<\/li>\n
    • nar\u00e1\u017eky na psychick\u00fd stav<\/strong> \u2013 pods\u00favanie psychick\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, psychiatrick\u00fdch por\u00fach, \u0161\u00edrenie nepravdy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Staffing<\/h3>\n

      Staffing je typ mobbingu, pri ktorom ho realizuje podriaden\u00fd alebo skupina zamestnancov a ich aktivity s\u00fa namieren\u00e9 proti nadriaden\u00e9mu. Cie\u013eom staffingu je prejavi\u0165 ned\u00f4veru nadriaden\u00e9mu, dosiahn\u00fa\u0165 jeho znemo\u017enenie, zni\u010denie, alebo ho don\u00fati\u0165 k odchodu.<\/p>\n

      Sexu\u00e1lne ob\u0165a\u017eovanie – harassment<\/h3>\n

      Harassment je sexu\u00e1lne ob\u0165a\u017eovanie na pracovisku. Jedn\u00e1 sa o dvojzmyseln\u00e9 vtipy \u010di nar\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n

      Osobnos\u0165 mobbera<\/h2>\n

      Mobberi s\u00fa rozdvojen\u00fd jednici<\/strong>, ktor\u00ed trpia ur\u010ditou schyzofr\u00e9niou. S\u00fa emocion\u00e1lne nestabiln\u00ed, krut\u00ed, neoblomn\u00ed a egocentrick\u00ed. T\u00fa\u017eia po moci a trpia narcizmom. Mobberi s\u00fa charakteristick\u00ed velik\u00e1\u0161stvom, absenciou empatie, precitlivenos\u0165ou vo\u010di kritike, sn\u00edvaj\u00fa o moci, vy\u017eaduj\u00fa st\u00e1lu pozornos\u0165 a obdiv. S\u00fa to zl\u00e9 osobnosti, to zlo pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na zni\u010denie duchovn\u00e9ho rastu ostatn\u00fdch, aby obr\u00e1nili tak ich chor\u00e9 ja. Mobberi s\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00ed \u013eudia v zmysle soci\u00e1lnej, rasovej alebo etnickej rozdielnosti.\u00a0S\u00fa to osamel\u00ed \u013eudia, nemaj\u00fa rodinu, priate\u013eov, bl\u00edzkych, s\u00fa to aj \u013eudia nov\u00ed, ktor\u00ed prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do pracovn\u00e9ho t\u00edmu, schopn\u00ed \u013eudia, s\u00fa to \u013eudia n\u00e1padn\u00ed (re\u010dov\u00e1 rozdielnos\u0165, obliekanie).<\/p>\n

      D\u00f4sledky mobbingu<\/h2>\n

      V\u00fdkonov\u00e1 rovina<\/strong> \u2013 pokles pracovn\u00e9ho tempa, zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnos\u0165, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 chybovos\u0165, \u00farazovos\u0165, zvy\u0161ovanie absent\u00e9rstvo.
      \nPsychick\u00e1 rovina<\/strong> \u2013 depresie, podr\u00e1\u017edenos\u0165, poruchy koncentr\u00e1cie, stavy strachu a \u00fazkosti, samovra\u017eedn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky,
      \nPsychosomatick\u00e1 rovina<\/strong> \u2013 poruchy srdca a d\u00fdchania, bolesti hlavy, \u017eal\u00fado\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia, ko\u017en\u00e9 choroby, poruchy sp\u00e1nku, v\u00fdsledok \u2013 psychick\u00e9 a fyzick\u00e9 vy\u010derpanie zamestnanca, ktor\u00e9 negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje pracovn\u00fd aj osobn\u00fd \u017eivot. Ignorovanie t\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 a\u017e k samovra\u017ede. 10 a\u017e 20% v\u0161etk\u00fdch samovr\u00e1\u017ed je podmienen\u00fdch mobbingom.<\/p>\n

      Ako sa br\u00e1ni\u0165 proti ob\u0165a\u017eovaniu alebo mobbingu?<\/h2>\n

      Web\u00a0ECHOZ.sk\u00a0uv\u00e1dza nieko\u013eko protimobingov\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed<\/strong>. Ako\u00a0sa teda m\u00f4\u017eeme akt\u00edvne br\u00e1ni\u0165 pred ob\u0165a\u017eovan\u00edm a mobingom?
      \nProtimobingov\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie pod\u013ea ECHOZ.sk:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Jasne sa vyjadri\u0165.<\/strong> Vzia\u0165 kolegu na zodpovednos\u0165, to malo v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch \u00faspech. Skoro dve tretiny op\u00fdtan\u00fdch \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017eili t\u00fato strat\u00e9giu, ju pova\u017euje za pozit\u00edvnu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee od tej chv\u00edle ob\u0165a\u017eovanie prestalo.<\/li>\n
      • Ob\u017ealovac\u00ed list.<\/strong> Kto sa chce vyhn\u00fa\u0165 otvoren\u00e9mu rozhovoru s ob\u0165a\u017eovate\u013eom, m\u00f4\u017ee mu svoju vlastn\u00fa poz\u00edciu op\u00edsa\u0165. Tak\u00fdto list by mal by\u0165 vecn\u00fd a do detailu presne sformulovan\u00fd a mal by obsahova\u0165 presn\u00fd popis skuto\u010dnosti (kedy a ako v\u00e1s ob\u0165a\u017eoval), opis \u00fa\u010dinkov (ak\u00e9 pocity vyvolalo u v\u00e1s toto spr\u00e1vanie, s ak\u00fdmi sympt\u00f3mami mus\u00edte odvtedy bojova\u0165), po\u017eiadavky (ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby v spr\u00e1van\u00ed mus\u00ed ob\u0165a\u017eovate\u013e zmeni\u0165), d\u00f4sledky (koho zapoj\u00edte do hry v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee sa ob\u0165a\u017eovate\u013e nebude dr\u017ea\u0165 va\u0161ich po\u017eiadaviek). Ak chcete doda\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161mu listu dostato\u010dn\u00fa v\u00e1hu, po\u0161lite ho doporu\u010dene. P\u00e1chate\u013e sa potom nebude m\u00f4c\u0165 v nijakom pr\u00edpade vytiahnu\u0165 z af\u00e9ry v\u00fdhovorkou, \u017ee list nedostal.<\/li>\n
      • Telesn\u00e1 obrana.<\/strong> Ten koho priamo ohmat\u00e1vaj\u00fa, nemus\u00ed iba trpne \u010daka\u0165. Zaucho alebo vehementn\u00e9 odstr\u010denie \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka m\u00f4\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinne zv\u00fdrazni\u0165 odhodlanos\u0165 obete, \u017ee to nestrp\u00ed.<\/li>\n
      • Anonymn\u00e9 podnety na prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie.<\/strong> Podnie\u0165te ob\u0165a\u017eovate\u013ea, aby rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eal, uk\u00e1\u017ete mu, ak\u00fd negat\u00edvny ohlas vyvol\u00e1 tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie vo verejnosti \u2013 t\u00fdm, \u017ee mu polo\u017e\u00edte na p\u00edsac\u00ed st\u00f4l kritick\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky alebo odkazy na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n
      • Hrozby.<\/strong> Ozn\u00e1mte d\u00f4sledky \u2013 pohrozte, \u017ee p\u00f4jdete k \u0161\u00e9fovi, na z\u00e1vodn\u00fd v\u00fdbor alebo prezrad\u00edte jeho spr\u00e1vanie cel\u00e9mu oddeleniu.<\/li>\n
      • Kompromitovanie.<\/strong> Zosmie\u0161nenie ob\u0165a\u017eovate\u013ea pred ostatn\u00fdmi kolegami, kritizujte ho pred \u0161\u00e9fom. \u201eAch zopakujte ten vtip, obvinenie alebo pripomienku ktor\u00fa ste dnes vo\u010di mne mali \u2013 ako ste to mysleli ja som to nepochopil\u201c. Ke\u010f sa na p\u00e1chate\u013ea upr\u00fa v\u0161etky poh\u013eady pln\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania, nejeden p\u00e1chate\u013e si uvedom\u00ed svoje nemo\u017en\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie.<\/li>\n
      • Zrkadlov\u00e1 met\u00f3da.<\/strong> Bojova\u0165 s p\u00e1chate\u013eom rovnak\u00fdmi zbra\u0148ami, a t\u00fdm ho postavi\u0165 pred zrkadlo \u2013 to je postup v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd. Trpite\u013e sa v\u0161ak mus\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 na \u00farove\u0148 svojho protivn\u00edka. A to naozaj nedok\u00e1\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      • Spojenectvo.<\/strong> Hovorte o pr\u00edpadoch s kolegy\u0148ami a kolegami. Tento probl\u00e9m sa \u010dasto t\u00fdka aj ostatn\u00fdch a niekedy ich dokonca ob\u0165a\u017euje ten ist\u00fd p\u00e1chate\u013e. Kto m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00edkov, m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 podstatne viac a vyvin\u00fa\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd tlak. Prizvite k tomu ak sa d\u00e1 aj niekoho zo z\u00e1vodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Pojem mobbing (mobing)\u00a0vznikol z anglick\u00e9ho slova mob\u00a0a znamen\u00e1 niekomu vynada\u0165, \u00fato\u010di\u0165, napada\u0165, utla\u010da\u0165. Z \u013eudsk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania sa preniesol v 60. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia a ako … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":25322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,549],"tags":[245,246],"class_list":["post-12725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ludia","category-pracujem","tag-ludske-spravanie","tag-obtazovanie"],"yoast_head":"\nOb\u0165a\u017eovanie, mobbing, harassment a in\u00e9 \u0161ikanovanie na pracovisku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Viete sa br\u00e1ni\u0165 proti ob\u0165a\u017eovaniu alebo mobbingu? Ob\u0165a\u017eovanie, mobbing, sexu\u00e1lne ob\u0165a\u017eovanie a in\u00e9 \u0161ikanovanie na pracovisku: staffing, harassment, bossing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/obtazovanie-mobbing-harassment-a-ine-sikanovanie-na-pracovisku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ob\u0165a\u017eovanie, mobbing, harassment a in\u00e9 \u0161ikanovanie na pracovisku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Viete sa br\u00e1ni\u0165 proti ob\u0165a\u017eovaniu alebo mobbingu? 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