{"id":16546,"date":"2023-05-12T11:17:26","date_gmt":"2023-05-12T09:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=16546"},"modified":"2024-09-09T19:56:10","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T17:56:10","slug":"obchodovanie-na-burze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/obchodovanie-na-burze\/","title":{"rendered":"Obchodovanie\u00a0na burze"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed sa chyst\u00e1 za\u010da\u0165 obchodova\u0165 na burze, tr\u00e1pi ich v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zka, \u010di to nie je biznis len pre bohat\u00fdch, a ak\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd kapit\u00e1l treba ma\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii.
\nOdpove\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, ak\u00fd kapit\u00e1l si treba pripravi\u0165 na obchodovanie na burze s akciami, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od mnoh\u00fdch faktorov.
\nV prvom rade od toho, ak\u00fd typ investora ste, \u010falej od spolo\u010dnosti do ktorej akci\u00ed sa rozhodnete investova\u0165, \u010di od druhu akci\u00ed ktor\u00e9 sa rozhodnete nak\u00fapi\u0165. Burzov\u00e9 obchodovanie je riskantn\u00fd biznis, preto\u017ee pravdepodobnos\u0165 straty pe\u0148az\u00ed je ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1. To je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do mus\u00edte pochopi\u0165 z\u00e1klady obchodovania na burze sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e sprav\u00edte svoju prv\u00fa invest\u00edciu. Predt\u00fdm, ako si budete m\u00f4c\u0165 ur\u010di\u0165 n\u00e1klady na investovanie na akciovom trhu, mus\u00edte pochopi\u0165, ako tento trh funguje.<\/p>\n

\u010co je to burza?<\/h2>\n

\u200bBurza cenn\u00fdch papierov je miesto kde prebieha n\u00e1kup a predaj akci\u00ed spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, futures na komodity a ETF fondov. Je to miesto kde sa stret\u00e1va ponuka a dopyt po vo\u013en\u00fdch peniazoch pripraven\u00fdch na investovanie. Akcie s\u00fa cenn\u00e9 papiere, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa k\u00f3tovan\u00e9 na burze cenn\u00fdch papierov. Po zak\u00fapen\u00ed akci\u00ed spolo\u010dnosti sa automaticky stanete akcion\u00e1rom tejto spolo\u010dnosti. Z akcie, ktor\u00fa ste k\u00fapili, budete zar\u00e1ba\u0165 dvoma sp\u00f4sobmi: najprv prostredn\u00edctvom dividend, ktor\u00e9 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vypl\u00e1ca akcion\u00e1rom a prostredn\u00edctvom ocenenia spolo\u010dnosti. V z\u00e1vislosti od typu akci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ste k\u00fapili, sa dividendy zvy\u010dajne po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa s pevnou alebo variabilnou sadzbou.<\/p>\n

Druhy akci\u00ed a ich cena<\/h2>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o v\u00fdpo\u010det ceny investovania na akciovom trhu, budete si musie\u0165 ur\u010di\u0165 typ akci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 kupujete. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4znedruhy a v\u0161etky maj\u00fa r\u00f4znu trhov\u00fa hodnotu.
\nKme\u0148ov\u00e9 akcie<\/strong>: Ide o cenn\u00e9 papiere, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa vlastn\u00edctvo spolo\u010dnosti. Po zak\u00fapen\u00ed t\u00fdchto akci\u00ed budete ma\u0165parvo hlasova\u0165 na ktoromko\u013evek zhroma\u017eden\u00ed akcion\u00e1rov. Akcion\u00e1ri kme\u0148ov\u00fdch akci\u00ed s\u00fa v\u0161ak zvy\u010dajne naspoduprioritn\u00e9ho zoznamu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade bankrotuspolo\u010dnosti dostan\u00fa be\u017en\u00ed akcion\u00e1ri svoje peniaze a\u017e po verite\u013eoch a prednostn\u00fdch akcion\u00e1roch. Pokia\u013e ide o n\u00e1klady, tieto akcie maj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos.
\nPreferovan\u00e9 akcie<\/strong>: Tieto akcie v\u00e1m poskytuj\u00fa \u010das\u0165 vlastn\u00edctvaspolo\u010dnosti, ale nez\u00edskavate \u017eiadne hlasovacie pr\u00e1va. Preferovan\u00ed akcion\u00e1ri akci\u00ed obvykle dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa dividendy, ktor\u00e9s\u00fa vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade pevnej sadzby. Preferovan\u00e9 akcie maj\u00favy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos na jednu akciu v porovnan\u00ed s kme\u0148ov\u00fdmiakciami.
\nPenny stocks (lacn\u00e9 akcie): <\/strong>Zvy\u010dajne sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako be\u017en\u00e9akcie mal\u00fdch verejn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. Penny akcie maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne hodnotu 5 dol\u00e1rov a menej.<\/p>\n

Faktory ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face cenu akci\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Cena akcie ovplyv\u0148uje, ko\u013eko V\u00e1s bude st\u00e1\u0165 investovanie naakciovom trhu. Je preto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 faktory, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ceny akci\u00ed.
\nV\u00fdkonnos\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti: <\/strong>Toto je hlavn\u00fd faktor, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje ceny akci\u00ed. V\u00fdkonnos\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti ur\u010duje aj s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fda bud\u00faci zisk. V\u00fdkon spolo\u010dnosti m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ovplyvnen\u00fd faktormi, ako je prep\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie zamestnancov, zmeny v riaden\u00ed spolo\u010dnosti, nov\u00e1 slu\u017eba alebo produkt, \u0161kand\u00e1ly a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch. Tieto vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 faktory priamo ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ceny akci\u00ed.
\nInfl\u00e1cia a defl\u00e1cia: <\/strong>Oba tieto faktory priamo ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa akciov\u00fd trh. Infl\u00e1cia je n\u00e1rast cien tovarov a slu\u017eieb. To sp\u00f4sobuje zv\u00fd\u0161enie n\u00e1kladov na v\u00fdrobu a prepravu tovaru. Ak d\u00f4jde k infl\u00e1cii, akciov\u00fd trh poklesne v d\u00f4sledku poklesu firemn\u00fdch v\u00fdnosov.
\nDefl\u00e1cia<\/strong> je naopak pokles cien tovarov a slu\u017eieb. Zd\u00e1 sa by\u0165s\u00edce \u017ee je lep\u0161ia ne\u017e infl\u00e1cia, no v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina investorov vtedy na akciovom trhu prest\u00e1va investova\u0165. Je to preto, \u017ee sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee ekonomika je vtedy slab\u00e1 a bude na\u010falej klesa\u0165, tak vy\u010dk\u00e1vaj\u00fa kedy naraz\u00ed na pomyslen\u00e9 dno.
\nTo sp\u00f4sobuje v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku pokles akciov\u00e9ho trhu.
\n\u00darokov\u00e9 sadzby a zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 trhy: <\/strong>\u00daroky<\/a> uvalen\u00e9 na firmy pri po\u017ei\u010diavan\u00ed si pe\u0148az\u00ed z b\u00e1nk zvy\u010dajne priamo ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ceny akci\u00ed. Vy\u0161\u0161ie \u00farokov\u00e9 sadzby ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 naopak zn\u00ed\u017eia ich zisky a vypl\u00e1can\u00e9 dividendy. Zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 trhy teda taktie\u017e nepriamo ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ceny akci\u00ed. Ak ekonomick\u00fd rast kraj\u00edn klesne, negat\u00edvne to ovplyvn\u00ed akciov\u00fd trh. Akon\u00e1hle sa ekonomick\u00fd stav zmen\u00ed, ovplyvn\u00ed to, ako bud\u00fa zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 krajiny s t\u00fdmito krajinami obchodova\u0165. To naopak ovplyvn\u00ed akciov\u00fd trh v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Podobne aj v\u00fd\u0161ka da\u0148ov\u00fdch sadzieb<\/a> ovplyvn\u00ed fin\u00e1lne zisky firiem. Pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia maj\u00fa firmy v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edpriestor pre investovanie zisku, v\u010faka invest\u00edci\u00e1m ceny ich akci\u00edn\u00e1sledne rast\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Tipy pre ur\u010denie n\u00e1kladov na investovanie na burze<\/h2>\n

\u010cas na investovanie<\/strong>: pokia\u013e ide o n\u00e1klady na investovanie na akciovom trhu, nie s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 len peniaze. \u010cas, ktor\u00fd investujete na finan\u010dnom trhu, je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd. Mus\u00edte si ur\u010di\u0165, ko\u013eko \u010dasu na akciovom trhu ste ochotn\u00ed obetova\u0165.
\nPo\u010det akci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ste ochotn\u00ed k\u00fapi\u0165<\/strong>; po\u010det akci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pl\u00e1nujete nak\u00fapi\u0165, ur\u010d\u00ed celkov\u00fa sumu va\u0161ej invest\u00edcie. Ak ste v podnikan\u00ed nov\u00e1\u010dikom, odpor\u00fa\u010dame v\u00e1m k\u00fapi\u0165 si len nieko\u013eko akci\u00ed, ke\u010f sa o podniku dozviete dos\u0165 inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Myslite tie\u017e na to, aby ste si v\u0161etky akcie nek\u00fapili od len jednej spolo\u010dnosti. Diverzifik\u00e1cia v\u00e1\u0161ho investi\u010dn\u00e9ho portf\u00f3lia je toti\u017e ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed sa chyst\u00e1 za\u010da\u0165 obchodova\u0165 na burze, tr\u00e1pi ich v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zka, \u010di to nie je biznis len pre bohat\u00fdch, a ak\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd kapit\u00e1l treba … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150,551],"tags":[333,321],"class_list":["post-16546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investovanie","category-podnikam","tag-burza","tag-obchodovanie"],"yoast_head":"\nObchodovanie\u00a0na burze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed sa chyst\u00e1 za\u010da\u0165 obchodova\u0165 na burze, tr\u00e1pi ich v\u0161ak\u00a0ot\u00e1zka, \u010di\u00a0to nie je biznis len pre bohat\u00fdch, a\u00a0ak\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd kapit\u00e1l treba ma\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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