{"id":17034,"date":"2023-05-16T11:10:33","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T09:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=17034"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:56:58","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:56:58","slug":"myty-a-fakty-o-p2p-investiciach-ake-velke-riziko-investor-znasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/myty-a-fakty-o-p2p-investiciach-ake-velke-riziko-investor-znasa\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdty a\u00a0fakty o\u00a0P2P invest\u00edci\u00e1ch: Ak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko investor zn\u00e1\u0161a?"},"content":{"rendered":"

P2P invest\u00edcie s\u00fa \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako pr\u00edli\u0161 rizikov\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 odvetvie. Kritici im \u010dasto vy\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa slab\u00e9 garancie. Pozreli sme sa preto na to, ako to v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti je. Ak\u00e9 riziko P2P invest\u00edcie pre be\u017en\u00fdch investorov predstavuj\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peer to peer (P2P) invest\u00edcie<\/h2>\n

Peer to peer (P2P) invest\u00edcie s\u00fa nov\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00fdm odvetv\u00edm. Odli\u0161uj\u00fa sa preto od tradi\u010dn\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov. Napr\u00edklad t\u00fdm, \u017ee nepodliehaj\u00fa doh\u013eadu centr\u00e1lnych b\u00e1n. T\u00fdm sa to samozrejme nep\u00e1\u010di a\u00a0z\u00a0\u010dasu na \u010das na tento fakt upozornia verejnos\u0165.
\nJe pravdou, \u017ee platformy sprostredkuj\u00face kolekt\u00edvne invest\u00edcie<\/a> a p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky centr\u00e1lne banky nekontroluj\u00fa. D\u00f4vodom je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee legislat\u00edva zaost\u00e1va za r\u00fdchlym rozvojom tohto finan\u010dn\u00e9ho odvetvia.Centr\u00e1lnym bank\u00e1mtakniktoneuklad\u00e1 pr\u00e1vomoc anipovinnos\u0165 P2P subjekty dohliada\u0165.
\n\u201eV ka\u017edom novom odbore je regul\u00e1cia pozadu za re\u00e1lnym v\u00fdvojom. Je to dan\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zd\u013ahav\u00fdm procesom utv\u00e1rania z\u00e1konov<\/em>,\u201c kon\u0161tatuje riadite\u013eka spolo\u010dnosti Bondster, Jana M\u00fcckov\u00e1. \u201eSme v situ\u00e1cii, kedy by n\u00e1m regul\u00e1cia nevadila a sme na \u0148u pripraven\u00ed. Mysl\u00edm si toti\u017e, \u017ee P2P sektor potrebuje viac transparentnosti a regul\u00e1cie, aby sa vy\u010distil od platforiem, ktor\u00e9 nefunguj\u00fa \u00faplne tak, ako maj\u00fa<\/em>,\u201c nazna\u010duje. Dod\u00e1va, \u017ee zodpovedn\u00e1 a\u00a0poctiv\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sa sna\u017e\u00ed o \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu transparentnos\u0165, kv\u00f4li svojim vlastn\u00fdm cie\u013eom a\u00a0zdrav\u00fdm procesom.
\nAbsencia regul\u00e1cie centr\u00e1lnou bankou tak automaticky neznamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko. Aj\u00a0s investovan\u00edm do akci\u00ed, \u010di dlhopisov jespojen\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00e9 riziko. P2P invest\u00edcie naopak poskytuj\u00fa garancie, ktor\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdm tradi\u010dn\u00fdm investi\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Zabezpe\u010denie nehnute\u013enos\u0165ou je najvy\u0161\u0161ou formou garancie<\/h2>\n

Medzi dve najsilnej\u0161ie formy garancie P2P invest\u00edci\u00ed patr\u00ed zabezpe\u010denie vkladu nehnute\u013enos\u0165ou<\/a> a garancia sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho odkupu.
\nZ\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na nehnute\u013enos\u0165 sa v\u00a0\u00faverovom vz\u0165ahu pova\u017euje za v\u00f4bec najsilnej\u0161iu z\u00e1bezpeku. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ho banky pri zabezpe\u010den\u00ed hypot\u00e9k. Aj preto patria hypot\u00e9ky za najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie finan\u010dn\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie b\u00e1nk, \u010do im umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00faro\u010di\u0165 ich aktu\u00e1lne sadzbou ni\u017e\u0161ou ako jedno percento.
\nZabezpe\u010denie \u00faveru nehnute\u013enos\u0165ou jeve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00fabenou formou garancie. Ceny nehnute\u013enost\u00ed dlhodobo rast\u00fa a realitn\u00fd trh je dostato\u010dne siln\u00fd na to, aby umo\u017enil v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 spe\u0148a\u017eenie nehnute\u013enosti v\u00a0pr\u00edpade probl\u00e9mov. T\u00fato formu zabezpe\u010denia poskytuj\u00fa investorom aj P2P platformy.
\nPri zaisten\u00ed nehnute\u013en\u00fdm majetkom je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sledova\u0165 parameter LTV (loan to value), ktor\u00fd ukazuje pomer medzi v\u00fd\u0161kou dlhu a hodnotou zalo\u017eenej nehnute\u013enosti. \u010c\u00edm je LTV ni\u017e\u0161ie, t\u00fdm je to pre investora lep\u0161ie. Banky na Slovensku<\/a> prestali ned\u00e1vno poskytova\u0165 takzvan\u00e9 sto percentn\u00e9 hypot\u00e9ky. Dnes m\u00f4\u017eu \u00faverom financova\u0165 najviac 90 percent, \u010dastej\u0161ie v\u0161ak len 80 percent hodnoty nehnute\u013enosti (LTV).
\nP2P platformy id\u00fa so zabezpe\u010den\u00edm e\u0161te \u010falej. \u201eHodnota LTV sa pri na\u0161ich invest\u00edci\u00e1ch typicky pohybuje od 50 do 60 percent. Pri t\u00fdchto hodnot\u00e1ch existuje ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 rezerva. Aj keby sa pri pesimistickom variante nehnute\u013enos\u0165 v\u00a0dra\u017ebe predala len za 75 percent svojej hodnoty, st\u00e1le bude dos\u0165 pe\u0148az\u00ed na pokrytie n\u00e1kladov dra\u017eby, \u00fahradu istiny aj \u00farokov<\/em>,\u201c hovor\u00ed J.M\u00fcckov\u00e1 z Bondster.
\nDod\u00e1va, \u017ee p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 nehnute\u013enos\u0165ou s\u00fa medzi klientmi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 aj preto, \u017ee napriek takmer bezrizikovej invest\u00edcii pon\u00fakaj\u00fa priemern\u00fd v\u00fdnos na \u00farovni deviatich percent, \u010do je ve\u013emi atrakt\u00edvne zhodnotenie.<\/p>\n

Garancia sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho odkupu<\/h2>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou formou z\u00e1ruky P2P invest\u00edci\u00ed je takzvan\u00e1 garancia sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho odkupu. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee ak dl\u017en\u00edk nespl\u00e1ca \u00faver poskytnut\u00fd z\u00a0P2P invest\u00edcie, tak po uplynut\u00ed ur\u010ditej lehoty, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie 60 dn\u00ed, odkupuje poskytovate\u013e p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky t\u00fato poh\u013ead\u00e1vku od investora a uhr\u00e1dza musp\u00e4\u0165 vlo\u017een\u00fa istinu vr\u00e1tanie \u00farokov.
\nPoskytn\u00fa\u0165 t\u00fato garanciu umo\u017e\u0148uje model zalo\u017een\u00fd na dvoch subjektoch. Jedn\u00fdm je investi\u010dn\u00e1 platforma, ktor\u00e1 sprostredkuje pr\u00edle\u017eitosti zhodnotenia investorom. Druh\u00fdm je poskytovate\u013e p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky, ktor\u00fdoveruje bonitu dl\u017en\u00edka aposkytuje mu p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dku. \u00a0Po udelen\u00ed p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky ju jej poskytovate\u013e pos\u00fava na prefinancovanieinvestorom na investi\u010dn\u00fa platformu.
\n\u201ePri v\u00fdbere poskytovate\u013eov p\u00f4\u017ei\u010diek kladieme d\u00f4raz na to, aby i\u0161lo o spolo\u010dnosti so siln\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1zem\u00edm. Ak by dl\u017en\u00edk svoje z\u00e1v\u00e4zky nespl\u00e1cal, tak poskytovate\u013e mus\u00ed by\u0165 schopn\u00fd dan\u00fa p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dku vyk\u00fapi\u0165. Motivuje ich to, aby dbali na \u010do najvy\u0161\u0161iu kvalitu svojho \u00faverov\u00e9ho portf\u00f3lia. Neplati\u010di boli aj bud\u00fa,no nesmie sa sta\u0165, aby ohrozili cel\u00fd trh<\/em>,\u201c nazna\u010duje J.M\u00fcckov\u00e1. Miera nespl\u00e1cania invest\u00edci\u00ed v\u00a0Bondster je aktu\u00e1lne men\u0161ia ako jedno percento.
\nInvesti\u010dn\u00e9 platformy tla\u010dia poskytovate\u013eov do toho, aby e\u0161te viac zni\u017eovali kreditn\u00e9 riziko. \u201eChceme, aby poskytovatelia nejak\u00fa \u010das\u0165 p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky financovali zo svojich vlastn\u00fdch zdrojov. Malo by to by\u0165 najmenej <\/em>p\u00e4\u0165 a\u017e desa\u0165 percent. D\u00f4vodom je to, aby bol poskytova\u0165 v\u017edy motivovan\u00fd sa o p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dku stara\u0165 a\u00a0bol v\u00a0jej \u00faspe\u0161nom splaten\u00ed s\u00e1m finan\u010dne zainteresovan\u00fd<\/em>,\u201c prid\u00e1va J. M\u00fcckov\u00e1 z Bondster.<\/p>\n

Kombin\u00e1cia viacer\u00fdch foriem ru\u010denia zvy\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 invest\u00edcie<\/h2>\n

Garanciou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho odkupu sa P2P invest\u00edcie st\u00e1vaj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojom ako mnoh\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0etablovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Napr\u00edklad u\u00a0dlhopisov investor plne zn\u00e1\u0161a kreditn\u00e9 riziko, teda to, \u017ee firma zbankrotuje, alebo nebude schopn\u00e1 vyplati\u0165 dlhopisy.
\nNajvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stup\u0148om zabezpe\u010denia na P2P platform\u00e1ch je kombin\u00e1cia oboch n\u00e1strojov, teda zalo\u017een\u00edm nehnute\u013enosti a\u00a0garanciou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho odkupu.
\nMedzi \u010fal\u0161ie formy zabezpe\u010denia poskytovan\u00e9ho poskytovate\u013emi p\u00f4\u017ei\u010diek patr\u00ed krytie zmenkou vydanou dl\u017en\u00edkom. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa najm\u00e4 pri podnikate\u013esk\u00fdch p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dk\u00e1ch. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s\u00edce ru\u010d\u00ed cel\u00fdm svoj\u00edm majetkom, no pre e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika poskytuje konate\u013e aj ru\u010denie svojim osobn\u00fdm majetkom v podobe zmenky. P\u00f4\u017ei\u010dka m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 aj hnute\u013en\u00fdm majetkom, napr\u00edklad zlat\u00fdmi \u0161perkami.<\/p>\n

Investor by mal zni\u017eova\u0165 riziko diverzifik\u00e1ciou<\/h2>\n

Istota zabezpe\u010denia je ako v\u017edy pri invest\u00edci\u00e1ch<\/a> \u00famern\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ke v\u00fdnosov. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm lep\u0161ie je zaistenie invest\u00edcie, t\u00fdm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je v\u00fdnos a\u00a0opa\u010dne. V\u00a0kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku je to teda investor, ktor\u00fd rozhoduje o\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ke rizika, ktor\u00e9 je ochotn\u00fd akceptova\u0165. V\u0161etky inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0forme a\u00a0\u00farovni zabezpe\u010denia s\u00fadostupn\u00e9 na P2P port\u00e1li e\u0161te pred vstupom do invest\u00edcie. Ka\u017ed\u00fd si preto m\u00f4\u017ee urobi\u0165 svoju vlastn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu.
\nPlat\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom zni\u017eovania rizika je diverzifik\u00e1cia. Znamen\u00e1 to rozlo\u017ei\u0165 si vklad medzi \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det invest\u00edci\u00ed. U\u00a0poskytovate\u013eov ako Bondster je napr\u00edklad minim\u00e1lny vklad do jednej p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky stanov\u00fd na p\u00e4\u0165 eur, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje by\u0165 akt\u00edvny pri ve\u013ekom po\u010dte p\u00f4\u017ei\u010diek. Ak by aj jedna z\u00a0nich mala probl\u00e9m so spl\u00e1can\u00edm, ostatn\u00e9 vytiahnu celkov\u00e9 portf\u00f3lio do plusu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P2P invest\u00edcie s\u00fa \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako pr\u00edli\u0161 rizikov\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 odvetvie. Kritici im \u010dasto vy\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa slab\u00e9 garancie. Pozreli sme sa preto na to, ako to v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150,551],"tags":[149,351,352],"class_list":["post-17034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investovanie","category-podnikam","tag-investicie","tag-p2p","tag-peer-to-peer"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00fdty a\u00a0fakty o\u00a0P2P invest\u00edci\u00e1ch: Ak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko investor zn\u00e1\u0161a?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P2P invest\u00edcie s\u00fa \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako pr\u00edli\u0161 rizikov\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 odvetvie kv\u00f4li slab\u00fdm z\u00e1ruk\u00e1m. 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