{"id":3181,"date":"2023-06-12T14:05:59","date_gmt":"2023-06-12T12:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/?p=3181"},"modified":"2024-09-09T19:59:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T17:59:32","slug":"ako-lieta-ultralahky-vrtulnik-principy-letu-ul-vrtulnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/ako-lieta-ultralahky-vrtulnik-principy-letu-ul-vrtulnikov\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako lieta ultra\u013eahk\u00fd vrtu\u013en\u00edk? Princ\u00edpy letu UL vrtu\u013en\u00edkov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nad lietan\u00edm s ultra\u013eahk\u00fdmi vrtu\u013en\u00edkmi je v\u017edy k\u00fasok hmly, ktor\u00fa sa teraz pok\u00fasime rozplyn\u00fa\u0165. Ako vlastne funguj\u00fa UL vrtu\u013en\u00edky? Samozrejme, v\u0161etci vieme, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd pilot postupuje v s\u00falade s letovou pr\u00edru\u010dkou dan\u00e9ho typu vrtu\u013en\u00edka. Mus\u00ed dodr\u017ea\u0165 presn\u00fd postup uveden\u00fd v letovej pr\u00edru\u010dke. Po spusten\u00ed motora nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 okam\u017eite vzlietnu\u0165, hlavne nie v chladnej\u0161om obdob\u00ed. Teploty prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch kvapal\u00edn, hlavne oleja (oleja motora, reduktora) sa musia zohria\u0165 do prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t.<\/p>\n<h3>Defin\u00edcia ultralightu<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z charakteristick\u00fdch parametrov vrtu\u013en\u00edkov je maxim\u00e1lna vzletov\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165, pod\u013ea ktorej je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u013eahk\u00e9 vrtu\u013en\u00edky deli\u0165 na dve skupiny:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>ultra\u013eahk\u00e9 vrtu\u013en\u00edky s maxim\u00e1lnou vzletovou hmotnos\u0165ou do 600 kg (napr. Dynali, Mosquito, Kompress \/ Heli-Sport, Cicare, Fairey) a<\/li>\n<li>\u013eahk\u00e9 vrtu\u013en\u00edky s maxim\u00e1lnou vzletovou hmotnos\u0165ou do 2500 kg (napr. Robinson, Rotorway, Sikorsky Schweizer, Kazan Aktai).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Zavisenie UL vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Vzlet sa sna\u017e\u00edme uskuto\u010dni\u0165 proti vetru. Prvou f\u00e1zou je zavisenie vrtu\u013en\u00edka &#8211; z\u00e1vis\u00ed od typu vrtu\u013en\u00edka &#8211; je to v\u00fd\u0161ka pribli\u017ene 1 meter nad \u00farov\u0148ou povrchu zeme. Do visu sa vrtu\u013en\u00edk dostane plynul\u00fdm zdv\u00edhan\u00edm p\u00e1ky kolekt\u00edvneho riadenia, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje uhol n\u00e1behu listov nosn\u00e9ho rotora a tie\u017e v\u00fdkon motora. Tieto \u00fakony sa koriguj\u00fa p\u00e1kou cyklick\u00e9ho riadenia a no\u017en\u00fdm riaden\u00edm, aby vrtu\u013en\u00edk zost\u00e1val visie\u0165 na jednom mieste &#8211; nad jedn\u00fdm bodom.<\/p>\n<h3>St\u00fapav\u00fd let<\/h3>\n<p>Po zavisen\u00ed vrtu\u013en\u00edka (prechode vrtu\u013en\u00edka do visu) jemn\u00fdm potla\u010den\u00edm p\u00e1ky cyklick\u00e9ho riadenia dopredu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm v\u00fdkonu motora a korekciou no\u017en\u00e9ho riadenia (aby vrtu\u013en\u00edk letel v spr\u00e1vnom smere) za\u010d\u00edna vrtu\u013en\u00edk pomaly st\u00fapa\u0165 a zvy\u0161ova\u0165 dopredn\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165. Plynule koordinovan\u00fdm pohybom p\u00e1ky kolekt\u00edvneho riadenia, p\u00e1ky cyklick\u00e9ho riadenia a no\u017en\u00e9ho riadenia vrtu\u013en\u00edk uv\u00e1dzame do st\u00fapav\u00e9ho letu.<\/p>\n<h2>Predletov\u00e1 prehliadka UL vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h2>\n<p>Predletov\u00e1 prehliadka vrtu\u013en\u00edka (ultra\u013eahk\u00e9ho vrtu\u013en\u00edka) sa zameriava na v\u0161eobecn\u00fd a technick\u00fd popis vrtu\u013en\u00edka pod\u013ea technickej dokument\u00e1cie, pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed letovej pr\u00edru\u010dky a pr\u00edru\u010dky v\u00fdrobcu. Predletov\u00e1 pr\u00edprava a prehliadka sa vykon\u00e1va pred letov\u00fdm d\u0148om. Vykon\u00e1va ju technik vrtu\u013en\u00edka, pr\u00edpadne pilot vrtu\u013en\u00edka, ktor\u00fd je na t\u00fato \u010dinnos\u0165 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifly.sk\/letecka-skola\/\">preuk\u00e1zate\u013ene za\u0161kolen\u00fd<\/a>. \u00da\u010delom je skontrolova\u0165 stav a skuto\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165 vrtu\u013en\u00edku k letu. Po skon\u010den\u00ed prehliadky prevedie z\u00e1pis do denn\u00edka lietadla a svoj\u00edm podpisom potvrd\u00ed pripravenos\u0165 vrtu\u013en\u00edka k letu. Pilot si skontroluje jej vykonanie a svojim podpisom potvrd\u00ed prevzatie a kontrolu technick\u00e9ho stavu vrtu\u013en\u00edka. Po\u010das predletovej prehliadky vrtu\u013en\u00edka je potrebn\u00e9 skontrolova\u0165 a overi\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasti vrtu\u013en\u00edka:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o vrtu\u013en\u00edku<\/li>\n<li>Kon\u0161trukcia jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/li>\n<li>Nosn\u00fd rotor<\/li>\n<li>Pohonn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nosn\u00e9ho rotora<\/li>\n<li>Chvostov\u00fd rotor<\/li>\n<li>Elektroin\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li>Posil\u0148ova\u010de riadenia a hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li>Riadiace org\u00e1ny nosn\u00e9ho rotora a chvostov\u00e9ho rotora<\/li>\n<li>Palivov\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia<\/li>\n<li>Pitot-statick\u00fd syst\u00e9m a pr\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybavenie<\/li>\n<li>Sveteln\u00e1 v\u00fdbava<\/li>\n<li>Sedadl\u00e1 a vybavenie kab\u00edny, k\u00farenie a ventil\u00e1cia<\/li>\n<li>Motor\n<ul>\n<li>motorov\u00e9 l\u00f4\u017eko<\/li>\n<li>olejov\u00fd chladiaci syst\u00e9m motora a olejov\u00fd kontroln\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li>riadiaci syst\u00e9m motora<\/li>\n<li>kontrola v\u00fdkonu motora<\/li>\n<li>syst\u00e9m sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania motora<\/li>\n<li>protipo\u017eiarny syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ovl\u00e1danie ultra\u013eahk\u00e9ho vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h2>\n<h3>Syst\u00e9m pilot\u00e1\u017ee vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Vrtu\u013en\u00edky, na rozdiel od klasick\u00fdch \u201esymetrick\u00fdch\u201c lietadiel s pevn\u00fdmi kr\u00eddlami, musia pomocou zadn\u00e9ho rotora &#8211; vrtu\u013eky, vyrovn\u00e1va\u0165 reak\u010dn\u00fd moment hlavn\u00e9ho ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rotora, ktor\u00fd pr\u00e1ve nahr\u00e1dza nosn\u00fa plochu, tj. hlavn\u00e9 kr\u00eddlo. Pre synchroniz\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto dvoch rotorov a v\u00f4bec mo\u017enosti \u0161tartova\u0165, prist\u00e1va\u0165, ale aj inak s vrtu\u013en\u00edkom man\u00e9vrova\u0165, sl\u00fa\u017eia nasleduj\u00face z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 prvky riadenia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cyklick\u00e9 riadenie (cyklika)<\/li>\n<li>kolekt\u00edvne riadenie (kolekt\u00edv)<\/li>\n<li>ovl\u00e1danie zadn\u00e9ho rotora (ped\u00e1le)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cyklick\u00e9 riadenie<\/h3>\n<p>P\u00e1ka cykliky je ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 pravou rukou pilota a je umiestnen\u00e1 v pozd\u013a\u017enej osi vrtu\u013en\u00edka. Ovl\u00e1danie v dvoch mo\u017en\u00fdch os\u00e1ch je veden\u00e9 tiahlami pod seda\u010dkami pos\u00e1dky a je spojen\u00e1 s cyklick\u00fdm tanierom. Cyklick\u00fd tanier je umiestnen\u00fd v spodnej \u010dasti hriade\u013ea hlavn\u00e9ho rotora a prenos jednotliv\u00fdch pohybov je cez vertik\u00e1lne tiahla ved\u00face v tomto dutom hriadeli veden\u00fd a\u017e k rotorovej hlave. Podobn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob ovl\u00e1dania pou\u017e\u00edva tie\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v\u00fdrobca vrtu\u013en\u00edkov americk\u00e1 firma Robinson Helicopter. Rotorov\u00e1 hlava potom zais\u0165uje naklopenie rotorov\u00fdch listov a vlastn\u00fd pohyb vrtu\u013en\u00edka (dopredn\u00fd let, c\u00favanie, bo\u010denie, at\u010f.)<\/p>\n<h3>Kolekt\u00edvne riadenie<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s cyklick\u00fdm riaden\u00edm pilot \u013eavou rukou ovl\u00e1da p\u00e1ku kolekt\u00edvu, umiestnenej v\u013eavo u spodku kab\u00edny. T\u00e1to p\u00e1ka \u201ekolekt\u00edvne\u201c (spolo\u010dne) zais\u0165uje zmenu uhla n\u00e1behu (od z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho a\u017e po najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed kladn\u00fd) hlavn\u00fdch rotorov\u00fdch listov. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zais\u0165uje najm\u00e4 pohyb vrtu\u013en\u00edka v smere nahor a dolu. V kombin\u00e1cii oboch samozrejme vznik\u00e1 dopredn\u00fd priamo\u010diary let s mo\u017enos\u0165ou regulova\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pr\u00e1ve zmenou uhla n\u00e1behu &#8211; kolekt\u00edvom a n\u00e1klonom vrtu\u013en\u00edka dopredu &#8211; cyklikou.<\/p>\n<h3>Ovl\u00e1danie zadn\u00e9ho rotora<\/h3>\n<p>Ovl\u00e1danie zadn\u00e9ho rotora (zadnej smerovej vrtu\u013eky) je zaisten\u00e9 no\u017en\u00fdmi ped\u00e1lmi pilota (v pr\u00edpade \u0161kolskej verzie UL vrtu\u013en\u00edka spolo\u010dne aj in\u0161truktora) podobne ako u lietadla ovl\u00e1danie zadn\u00e9ho smerov\u00e9ho kormidla. Zadn\u00fd rotor eliminuje reak\u010dn\u00fd moment hlavn\u00e9ho rotora a umo\u017e\u0148uje ot\u00e1\u010danie vrtu\u013en\u00edka okolo vertik\u00e1lnej osi alebo pr\u00e1ve naopak, udr\u017eanie vrtu\u013en\u00edka v priamom doprednom lete.<\/p>\n<h2>Riadenie UL vrtu\u013en\u00edka a letov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka<\/h2>\n<p>Pilot\u00e1\u017e helikopt\u00e9ry je n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia a \u010diasto\u010dne odli\u0161n\u00e1 od pilot\u00e1\u017ee lietadiel. Helikopt\u00e9ra je menej stabiln\u00e1 a navy\u0161e r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie reaguje na riadiace \u00fakony pilota. Ot\u00e1\u010dky rotora sa riadia plynovou pr\u00edpus\u0165ou na p\u00e1ke \u2013 kolekt\u00edvom. Jej dv\u00edhan\u00edm helikopt\u00e9ra za\u010dne st\u00fapa\u0165. Smer letu sa riadi ovl\u00e1dacou p\u00e1kou naz\u00fdvanou cyklika. Ot\u00e1\u010danie helikopt\u00e9ry pilot riadi stl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm ped\u00e1lov na podlahe pilotnej kab\u00edny.<br \/>\nPilot neust\u00e1le sleduje ot\u00e1\u010dky motora. Pri ich poklese m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k stavu, ke\u010f ani dodato\u010dn\u00e9 r\u00fdchle zv\u00fd\u0161enie u\u017e nepom\u00e1ha a let je ohrozen\u00fd. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie mal\u00e9ho vrtu\u013en\u00edka m\u00e1 nesporn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Od pilota v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje d\u00f4sledn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiavanie predpisov a nariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Letov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka<\/h3>\n<p>Predpis umo\u017e\u0148uje let vrtu\u013en\u00edka vo v\u00fd\u0161ke minim\u00e1lne 150 metrov nad \u00farov\u0148ou ter\u00e9nu. Pri lietan\u00ed ponad husto zastavan\u00e9 a os\u00eddlen\u00e9 oblasti alebo ponad prek\u00e1\u017eky je vrtu\u013en\u00edk povinn\u00fd letie\u0165 v minim\u00e1lnej letovej hladine 300 metrov v okruhu 600 metrov od najvy\u0161\u0161ej prek\u00e1\u017eky. Tieto predpisy sa nevz\u0165ahuje na vzlet a prist\u00e1tie vrtu\u013en\u00edka.<\/p>\n<h2>Autorot\u00e1cia UL vrtu\u013en\u00edkov<\/h2>\n<p>Autorot\u00e1cia je letov\u00fd stav rotorov\u00e9ho lietadla (vrtu\u013en\u00edka, v\u00edrnika), pri ktorom je nosn\u00fd rotor poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd v\u00fdlu\u010dne a iba \u00fa\u010dinkom vzduchu, ke\u010f je rotorov\u00e9 lietadlo v pohybe. Autorot\u00e1cia je re\u017eim letu, ktor\u00fd pilot vrtu\u013en\u00edka v pr\u00edpade vysadenia pohonnej jednotky mus\u00ed vyu\u017ei\u0165 na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prist\u00e1tie. Prist\u00e1tie v re\u017eime autorot\u00e1cie, hlavne posledn\u00e1 f\u00e1za prist\u00e1tia, patr\u00ed k najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm prvkom techniky pilotovania vrtu\u013en\u00edka.<\/p>\n<h3>Re\u017eim autorot\u00e1cie<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00e1cvik a v\u00fdcvik autorot\u00e1cie je be\u017enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou leteck\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku pilotov vrtu\u013en\u00edkov. Rozpo\u010det v autorot\u00e1cii sa rob\u00ed v poslednej f\u00e1ze v\u017edy proti vetru. In\u0161truktor i pilot dbaj\u00fa v ka\u017edom okamihu na spr\u00e1vne ot\u00e1\u010dky nosn\u00e9ho rotora. V\u0161etky autorot\u00e1cie sm\u00fa by\u0165 vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 len s pracuj\u00facim motorom s v\u00fd\u0161kou vybratia autorot\u00e1cie v 3-5 metroch nad letiskom s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm norm\u00e1lnym prist\u00e1t\u00edm na v\u00fdkone motora. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1cviku n\u00fadzov\u00fdch postupov je aj n\u00e1cvik letu a prist\u00e1tia s nepracuj\u00facim hydraulick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom a simul\u00e1cia r\u00f4znych variant zlyhania no\u017en\u00e9ho riadenia. Okrem n\u00e1cviku v re\u017eime visenia vrtu\u013en\u00edka, letu v pracovnom priestore pri z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch prvkoch techniky pilot\u00e1\u017ee a letu po letiskovom okruhu sa v re\u017eime autorot\u00e1cie nacvi\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>simul\u00e1cia zlyhania pohonnej jednotky<\/li>\n<li>simul\u00e1cia zlyhania hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>simul\u00e1cia zlyhania no\u017en\u00e9ho riadenia<\/li>\n<li>simulovan\u00e9 zlyhanie gener\u00e1tora<\/li>\n<li>simulovan\u00fd po\u017eiar v kab\u00edne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>N\u00fadzov\u00e9 postupy<\/h3>\n<p>Cie\u013eom leteck\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku je nacvi\u010di\u0165, precvi\u010di\u0165 a automatizova\u0165 n\u00fadzov\u00e9 postupy vr\u00e1tane autorot\u00e1cie vrtu\u013en\u00edka. Za\u010diatok cvi\u010denia sa vykon\u00e1va v priestore pre n\u00e1cvik visenia. V tomto priestore in\u0161truktor s prilotom precvi\u010d\u00ed autorot\u00e1ciu vrtu\u013en\u00edka z re\u017eimu visenia. Po stiahnut\u00ed plynu mus\u00ed by\u0165 pilot schopn\u00fd bezpe\u010dne prist\u00e1\u0165 s vrtu\u013en\u00edkom z re\u017eimu visenia.<br \/>\nCvi\u010denie sa vykon\u00e1va v pracovnom priestore vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 600 m nad letiskom. Nosn\u00fdm prvkom cvi\u010denia je n\u00e1cvik autorot\u00e1cie s pracuj\u00facim motorom. Po nast\u00fapan\u00ed do ur\u010denej v\u00fd\u0161ky in\u0161truktor uk\u00e1\u017ee pilotovi vstup do autorot\u00e1cie, autorot\u00e1ciu, vybratie autorot\u00e1cie s prechodom do zavisenia nad ur\u010den\u00fdm bodom. Pilot precvi\u010duje autorot\u00e1cie z priameho smeru letu, z \u013eavej i pravej z\u00e1kruty v st\u00fapan\u00ed i klesan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1cvik autorot\u00e1cie<\/h3>\n<p>Po vzlete a st\u00fapan\u00ed do okruhovej v\u00fd\u0161ky predvedie in\u0161truktor \u017eiakovi autorot\u00e1ciu na vopred zvolen\u00e9 miesto prist\u00e1tia. Potom odovzd\u00e1 riadenie \u017eiakovi a v \u013eubovo\u013enej chv\u00edli stiahne plynovou p\u00e1kou v\u00fdkon motora. In\u0161truktor kontroluje a usmer\u0148uje \u010dinnos\u0165 \u017eiaka. Db\u00e1 na to, aby boli dodr\u017ean\u00e9 v\u0161etky postupy a pri nespr\u00e1vnych reakci\u00e1ch \u017eiaka okam\u017eite zasahuje do riadenia. In\u0161truktor nesmie pripusti\u0165, aby v ktoromko\u013evek okamihu letu do\u0161lo ku vzniku nebezpe\u010dnej situ\u00e1cie, ako je napr\u00edklad kritick\u00e1 strata ot\u00e1\u010dok rotora alebo ve\u013ek\u00e1 vertik\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pri prist\u00e1t\u00ed vrtu\u013en\u00edka. Ihne\u010f vysvet\u013euje nespr\u00e1vnos\u0165 konania a predvedie spr\u00e1vne reakcie na vzniknut\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu. Simuluje \u017eiakovi z\u00e1vady na pohone vrtu\u013en\u00edka, sleduje r\u00e1diov\u00fa kore\u0161pondenciu, vo\u013enos\u0165 priestoru, ter\u00e9n a prek\u00e1\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 by mohli skomplikova\u0165 kone\u010dn\u00fa f\u00e1zu prist\u00e1tia.<br \/>\nIn\u0161truktor vyber\u00e1 okamihy stiahnutia motora tak, aby bol mo\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1vrat na dr\u00e1hu letiska, ale aj v tak\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch na okruhu, z ktor\u00fdch nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 dok\u013aza\u0165 na letiskov\u00fa plochu. Sleduje a vyhodnocuje rozhodnutia \u017eiaka pri v\u00fdbere plochy a sp\u00f4sob vykonania autorota\u010dn\u00e9ho pribl\u00ed\u017eenia. Pri n\u00e1vratoch na letiskov\u00fa plochu so \u017eiakom precvi\u010d\u00ed autorot\u00e1cie z re\u017eimu visenia a pri rolovan\u00ed. Po ka\u017edom lete urob\u00ed poletov\u00fd rozbor, na ktorom zd\u00f4razn\u00ed chyby pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed n\u00fadzov\u00fdch postupov na okruhu a pouk\u00e1\u017ee na vhodnej\u0161ie rie\u0161enia vzniknutej situ\u00e1cie.<br \/>\n\u017diak vykon\u00e1va pr\u00edlet na okruh, vzlety z miesta prist\u00e1tia a st\u00fapanie po okruhu. Po predveden\u00ed n\u00fadzov\u00fdch postupov in\u0161truktorom prevezme riadenie a precvi\u010duje n\u00fadzov\u00e9 postupy pod\u013ea pokynov in\u0161truktora. Vykon\u00e1va r\u00e1diokore\u0161pondenciu a v\u0161etku svoju \u010dinnos\u0165 komentuje palubn\u00fdm telef\u00f3nom in\u0161truktorovi. Sna\u017e\u00ed sa dodr\u017eova\u0165 v\u0161etky prvky letu. Neust\u00e1le kontroluje motorov\u00e9, ale i letov\u00e9 pr\u00edstroje. Po skon\u010den\u00ed cvi\u010dn\u00e9ho letu vykon\u00e1 pr\u00edlet sp\u00e4\u0165 na letiskov\u00fa plochu. Je pripraven\u00fd na stiahnutie v\u00fdkonu motora v ktoromko\u013evek okamihu letu a\u017e po vypnutie na odbavovacej ploche letiska.<\/p>\n<h2>Ako s n\u00edm prist\u00e1\u0165?<\/h2>\n<h3>Prist\u00e1vanie s vrtu\u013en\u00edkom<\/h3>\n<p>Vrtu\u013en\u00edk m\u00e1 vo v\u0161eobecnosti t\u00fa v\u00fdhodu oproti klasick\u00e9mu lietadlu, \u017ee na vzlet a prist\u00e1tie nepotrebuje klasick\u00e9 letisko. Vrtu\u013en\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee prist\u00e1va\u0165 na letisk\u00e1ch a heliportoch, ale aj v ter\u00e9ne, na pozemku, tr\u00e1vnatom poraste \u010di streche. F\u00e1za, v ktorej sa nach\u00e1dza vrtu\u013en\u00edk pred prist\u00e1tim, sa naz\u00fdva pribl\u00ed\u017eenie na prist\u00e1tie. Prist\u00e1vanie vrtu\u013en\u00edka si vy\u017eaduje vykona\u0165 rad postupn\u00fdch automatizovan\u00fdch \u00fakonov. Pilot \u013eahk\u00e9ho vrtu\u013en\u00edka vykon\u00e1va kone\u010dn\u00e9 pribl\u00ed\u017eenie proti vetru s po\u010diato\u010dnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou pribli\u017ene 120 km\/h. N\u00e1sledne pilot zn\u00ed\u017ei r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a v\u00fd\u0161ku a pozvo\u013ena prejde do visu. Z visu zni\u017euje pilot postupne kolekt\u00edv a\u017e do kontaktu so zemou. Po po\u010diato\u010dnom kontakte so zemou zni\u017euje kolekt\u00edv celkom do dolnej polohy a\u017e dolu.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00dapln\u00e9 zastavenie vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Po kontakte so zemou pilot zaaretuje kolekt\u00edv, cykliku a ped\u00e1le. Listy rotora ponech\u00e1 na vo\u013enobehu 70 &#8211; 80 %, t\u00fdm sa zn\u00ed\u017ei teplota hl\u00e1v. Po kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase (cca 30 sekund\u00e1ch) pri\u0161krt\u00ed pilot bohatos\u0165 zmesi a ochudobnen\u00edm zastav\u00ed motor. Po \u010fal\u0161ej polmin\u00fate zastav\u00ed rotuj\u00face listy hlavn\u00e9ho rotora pou\u017eit\u00edm brzdy rotora. Ke\u010f zhasne svetlo spojky, vypne pilot v\u0161etky sp\u00edna\u010de a zapa\u013eovanie. Pilot zost\u00e1va pri riaden\u00ed dovtedy, ne\u017e sa motory \u00faplne nezastavia.<\/p>\n<h3>Preukaz pilota vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Zap\u00e1\u010dilo sa V\u00e1m lietanie s UL vrtu\u013en\u00edkmi? Informujte sa o mo\u017enosti v\u00fdcviku pilotov vrtu\u013en\u00edkov pre z\u00edskavanie kvalifik\u00e1cie priv\u00e1tneho pilota UL(H). To pre V\u00e1s znamen\u00e1 odlieta\u0165 35 a\u017e 45 letov\u00fdch hod\u00edn. T\u00e1to kvalifik\u00e1cia neumo\u017e\u0148uje zatia\u013e vykon\u00e1va\u0165 komer\u010dn\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 \u2013 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 \u010dinnos\u0165 pilota vrtu\u013en\u00edka v zamestnaneckom pomere.<\/p>\n<h2>Medziletov\u00e1 a poletov\u00e1 prehliadka UL vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h2>\n<h3>Medziletov\u00e1 prehliadka vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Medziletov\u00e1 prehliadka sa vykon\u00e1va za \u00fa\u010delom kontroly vrtu\u013en\u00edka pred letom, po predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom lete a jeho pripravenos\u0165 v rovnak\u00fd de\u0148. Vykon\u00e1va sa pri vypnutom motore a jej obsah je stanoven\u00fd letovou pr\u00edru\u010dkou. Je nutn\u00e9 skontrolova\u0165 hmoty a pr\u00edpadne ich doplni\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Poletov\u00e1 prehliadka vrtu\u013en\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Poletov\u00e1 prehliadka a o\u0161etrenie sa vykon\u00e1va po ukon\u010den\u00ed letov\u00e9ho d\u0148a. Jej d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 vykonanie zabezpe\u010duje zistenie z\u00e1vad a t\u00fdm udr\u017eanie vrtu\u013en\u00edka v dobrom technickom stave. D\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou poletovej prehliadky s\u00fa inform\u00e1cie od pilota o pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch v\u00fdskytoch z\u00e1vad po dobu letu. Pri prehliadke sa venuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tna pozornos\u0165 agreg\u00e1tom, zariadeniam a syst\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fdch \u010dinnos\u0165 bola pod\u013ea v\u00fdpovede pilota nespr\u00e1vna, alebo v \u0148om budila pochybnosti a s\u00fa\u010diastkam a agreg\u00e1tom vystaven\u00fdm najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu opotrebeniu a za\u0165a\u017eeniu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nad lietan\u00edm s ultra\u013eahk\u00fdmi vrtu\u013en\u00edkmi je v\u017edy k\u00fasok hmly, ktor\u00fa sa teraz pok\u00fasime rozplyn\u00fa\u0165. Ako vlastne funguj\u00fa UL vrtu\u013en\u00edky? Samozrejme, v\u0161etci vieme, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd pilot &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,556],"tags":[99,100,101],"class_list":["post-3181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lietam","category-virniky","tag-lietanie","tag-mosquito","tag-ultralahke-vrtulniky"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ako lieta ultra\u013eahk\u00fd vrtu\u013en\u00edk? Princ\u00edpy letu UL vrtu\u013en\u00edkov<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nad lietan\u00edm s ultra\u013eahk\u00fdmi vrtu\u013en\u00edkmi je v\u017edy k\u00fasok hmly, ktor\u00fa sa teraz pok\u00fasime rozplyn\u00fa\u0165. 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