{"id":62106,"date":"2025-09-17T21:04:02","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T19:04:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.vrtulniky.sk\/?p=62106"},"modified":"2025-09-17T21:10:15","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T19:10:15","slug":"victim-blaming-prenasanie-viny-na-obet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/victim-blaming-prenasanie-viny-na-obet\/","title":{"rendered":"Victim blaming: Pren\u00e1\u0161anie viny na obe\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

Victim blaming<\/a>, teda obvi\u0148ovanie obete, je spolo\u010densk\u00fd a psychologick\u00fd jav, pri ktorom je zodpovednos\u0165 za nepriazniv\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu alebo \u0161kodliv\u00fd \u010din pripisovan\u00e1 samotnej obeti namiesto skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1chate\u013ea. Tento jav je pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v r\u00f4znych kontextoch \u2013 od n\u00e1siln\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov cez diskrimin\u00e1ciu a\u017e po medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 konflikty. Ide o mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd nielen zneva\u017euje utrpenie obete, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslabuje tlak na skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho agresora.<\/p>\n

Psychologick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne korene victim blamingu<\/h2>\n

Victim blaming sa \u010dasto sp\u00e1ja s tzv. just-world hypot\u00e9zou<\/a>, pod\u013ea ktorej maj\u00fa \u013eudia tendenciu veri\u0165, \u017ee svet je spravodliv\u00fd a ka\u017ed\u00fd dost\u00e1va to, \u010do si zasl\u00fa\u017ei. Ak sa teda niekomu stane nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 alebo tragick\u00e1 udalos\u0165, okolie m\u00e1 tendenciu h\u013eada\u0165 d\u00f4vody, pre\u010do si to obe\u0165 \u201emohla privodi\u0165 sama\u201c. Tento sp\u00f4sob myslenia poskytuje pocit psychologickej istoty, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 vedie k ignorovaniu re\u00e1lnej zodpovednosti p\u00e1chate\u013eov.<\/p>\n

Victim blaming v politickom kontexte<\/h2>\n

V politickej a diplomatickej praxi sa victim blaming \u010dasto objavuje v podobe presmerovania kritiky zo strany agresora na stranu obete. Namiesto jasn\u00e9ho pomenovania zdroja probl\u00e9mu \u2013 agres\u00edvneho spr\u00e1vania, vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku alebo poru\u0161ovania medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va \u2013 sa h\u013ead\u00e1 zdanlivo nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 alebo nevhodn\u00e9 konanie obete. Tento postup m\u00f4\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na zn\u00ed\u017eenie tlaku na agresora, zakrytie vlastnej ne\u010dinnosti alebo na zachovanie diplomatickej rovnov\u00e1hy medzi stranami konfliktu.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklad: reakcie na n\u00e1v\u0161tevu prezidenta Zelensk\u00e9ho v Bielom dome<\/h2>\n

V medi\u00e1lnom a politickom diskurze sa objavil pr\u00edpad, ke\u010f predstavitelia americkej administrat\u00edvy \u2013 prezident a viceprezident \u2013 upozornili na sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident Volodymyr Zelenskyj obliekol pri ofici\u00e1lnej n\u00e1v\u0161teve v Bielom dome. Diskusia o tom, \u010di bolo vhodn\u00e9 alebo nevhodn\u00e9 pr\u00eds\u0165 v bojovom odeve, zatienila podstatu samotnej udalosti \u2013 Ukrajina je obe\u0165ou rozsiahlej vojenskej agresie zo strany Ruska a Zelenskyj symbolicky reprezentoval svoju krajinu v \u010dase vojny.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto postoj predstavuje typick\u00fd pr\u00edklad victim blamingu, preto\u017ee namiesto toho, aby bola hlavn\u00e1 pozornos\u0165 venovan\u00e1 agresorovi \u2013 Rusku a jeho prezidentovi Vladim\u00edrovi Putinovi, ktor\u00fd je priamym zodpovedn\u00fdm za vojensk\u00fd konflikt \u2013 \u010das\u0165 diskurzu sa zamerala na kritiku vzh\u013eadu a vystupovania samotn\u00e9ho l\u00eddra obete. T\u00fdm sa posil\u0148uje nespravodliv\u00fd narat\u00edv, ktor\u00fd oslabuje medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa podporu Ukrajiny a odv\u00e1dza pozornos\u0165 od podstaty probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4sledky victim blamingu v medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch<\/h2>\n

Victim blaming v politickej komunik\u00e1cii m\u00e1 viacero negat\u00edvnych d\u00f4sledkov:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Oslabenie solidarity<\/strong> \u2013 verejnos\u0165 a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo m\u00f4\u017eu vn\u00edma\u0165 obe\u0165 ako \u201espoluzodpovedn\u00fa\u201c za svoju situ\u00e1ciu.<\/li>\n
  • Legitimiz\u00e1cia agresora<\/strong> \u2013 ak je pozornos\u0165 odklonen\u00e1 od agres\u00edvneho \u010dinu, agresor m\u00f4\u017ee pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo svojom konan\u00ed s men\u0161ou medzin\u00e1rodnou kritikou.<\/li>\n
  • Psychologick\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e obete<\/strong> \u2013 namiesto podpory je obe\u0165 vystaven\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ej vlne kritiky, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 jej schopnos\u0165 \u010deli\u0165 konfliktu.<\/li>\n
  • Deform\u00e1cia verejnej debaty<\/strong> \u2013 diskusia sa pres\u00fava z re\u00e1lnych ot\u00e1zok bezpe\u010dnosti a spravodlivosti na sekund\u00e1rne t\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Mo\u017enosti elimin\u00e1cie victim blamingu<\/h2>\n

    Obmedzenie tohto javu si vy\u017eaduje systematick\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Na \u00farovni spolo\u010dnosti je potrebn\u00e9:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Vzdel\u00e1vanie o mechanizmoch victim blamingu a jeho \u0161kodliv\u00fdch d\u00f4sledkoch.<\/li>\n
    • Posil\u0148ovanie kritick\u00e9ho myslenia a schopnosti rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi pr\u00ed\u010dinou a n\u00e1sledkom.<\/li>\n
    • Etick\u00e1 a profesion\u00e1lna \u017eurnalistika, ktor\u00e1 jasne pomen\u00fava agresora a nepres\u00fava pozornos\u0165 na nepodstatn\u00e9 detaily.<\/li>\n
    • Diplomatick\u00e1 prax zameran\u00e1 na podporu obet\u00ed namiesto ich marginaliz\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Victim blaming: Pren\u00e1\u0161anie viny na obe\u0165<\/h2>\n

      Victim blaming predstavuje v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m nielen v individu\u00e1lnych, ale aj v medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch. Pr\u00edklad kritiky ukrajinsk\u00e9ho prezidenta za jeho oble\u010denie v \u010dase vojny ukazuje, ako sa pozornos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee odkloni\u0165 od skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho agresora. Je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby verejnos\u0165, m\u00e9di\u00e1 aj politick\u00ed l\u00eddri rozli\u0161ovali medzi symbolick\u00fdmi gestami obete a z\u00e1sadn\u00fdmi \u010dinmi agresora. Len tak mo\u017eno zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 deformovaniu reality a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 spravodliv\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie konfliktov na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Victim blaming, teda obvi\u0148ovanie obete, je spolo\u010densk\u00fd a psychologick\u00fd jav, pri ktorom je zodpovednos\u0165 za nepriazniv\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu alebo \u0161kodliv\u00fd \u010din pripisovan\u00e1 samotnej obeti namiesto skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[561],"tags":[836,1567,1572,1570,1566,1571,928,1568,1569,1565],"class_list":["post-62106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pravo","tag-diskriminacia","tag-just-world-hypoteza","tag-medzinarodne-vztahy","tag-nasilie","tag-obvinovanie-obete","tag-predsudky","tag-prevencia","tag-psychologia","tag-sociologia","tag-victim-blaming"],"yoast_head":"\nVictim blaming: Pren\u00e1\u0161anie viny na obe\u0165<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Victim blaming je spolo\u010densk\u00fd jav, pri ktorom sa vina za nepriazniv\u00e9 udalosti nespravodlivo pripisuje obeti namiesto skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1chate\u013ea. 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