{"id":7670,"date":"2022-11-22T04:06:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-22T03:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=7670"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:58:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:58:31","slug":"komunikacne-zrucnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti tvoria z\u00e1klad v\u0161etk\u00fdch soci\u00e1lno-psychologick\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 jednotlivec potrebuje na svoje zaradenie sa do spolo\u010dnosti<strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong> Ich podstatu tvor\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00fd mechanizmus a preto s\u00fa v odbornej literat\u00fare \u010dasto vymedzen\u00e9 ako zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa adaptova\u0165 sa jednotlivcovi v konkr\u00e9tnom prostred\u00ed, resp. umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa mu akt\u00edvne v prostred\u00ed p\u00f4sobi\u0165, teda sa akt\u00edvne konkr\u00e9tnemu prostrediu prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165 a tie\u017e aj toto prostredie do ur\u010ditej miery prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165 svoj\u00edm potreb\u00e1m a z\u00e1ujmom.<br \/>\nVo v\u0161eobecnosti mo\u017eno komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti vymedzi\u0165 ako \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 schopnosti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face komunikova\u0165, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou osobnostnej v\u00fdbavy \u010dloveka, ale tvoria ur\u010dit\u00e9 rozvinutie a zdokonalenie osobnostn\u00fdch dispoz\u00edci\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u00fa nadstavbu, ktor\u00fa jednotlivec\/ mana\u017e\u00e9r nadob\u00fada bu\u010f v \u017eivote alebo v pracovnom procese, tzv. za pochodu, alebo si ju osvojuje v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vacieho procesu, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pomocou rozmanit\u00fdch akt\u00edvnych foriem, n\u00e1cviku a tr\u00e9ningov\u00e9ho procesu.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><br \/>\nAj ke\u010f komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti v skuto\u010dnosti tvoria ucelen\u00fd komplex kval\u00edt, z metodick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich rozdeli\u0165 na recept\u00edvne a expres\u00edvne.<\/p>\n<h2>1. AKT\u00cdVNE PO\u010c\u00daVANIE<\/h2>\n<p>Akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie je sp\u00f4sob reagovania v procese komunik\u00e1cie kde sa akt\u00e9ri nesta\u017eia len o \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie pochopenie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed ale tak isto r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi prejavuj\u00fa svoje vn\u00edmanie a po\u010d\u00favanie toho druh\u00e9ho. Vo vz\u0165ahu k druh\u00e9mu akt\u00e9rovi komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu by sa akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie malo prejavi\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Po\u010d\u00favaj\u00faci pozorne sleduje re\u010dn\u00edka<\/li>\n<li>Udr\u017eiava sa o\u010dn\u00fd kontakt medzi akt\u00e9rmi<\/li>\n<li>Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie neverb\u00e1lnej komunik\u00e1cie (otvoren\u00e9 a s\u00fahlasn\u00e9 gest\u00e1, prikyvovanie a pod.)<\/li>\n<li>Parafr\u00e1zovan\u00edm, zhrnut\u00edm z\u00edskanej inform\u00e1cie a uisten\u00edm sa, \u010di prij\u00edmate\u013e dobre porozumel<\/li>\n<li>Kladen\u00edm dopl\u0148uj\u00facich ot\u00e1zok<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Komunika\u010dn\u00fd partner<\/em> \u2013 akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie je d\u00f4le\u017eitou ale n\u00e1ro\u010dnou zlo\u017ekou komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom je klamliv\u00e9 zdanie \u017ee \u010dlovek u\u017e v\u0161etko potrebn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1 a t\u00fdm nemus\u00ed \u010falej svojho partnera po\u010d\u00fava\u0165. Pri akt\u00edvnom po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 obsah spr\u00e1vy ako aj vz\u0165ah odosielate\u013ea k danej inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 neznamen\u00e1 len s\u00fahlasi\u0165, ale chcie\u0165 sa taktie\u017e dozvedie\u0165, \u010do si partner mysl\u00ed.<br \/>\n<em>Em\u00f3cie<\/em> \u2013 akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie pom\u00e1ha zisti\u0165 \u010di to, \u010do prij\u00edmate\u013e prijal skuto\u010dne pochopil tak, ako to odosielate\u013e myslel. Je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ke\u010f sa vo vecn\u00fdch v\u00fdrokoch nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa n\u00e1znaky em\u00f3ci\u00ed a prij\u00edmate\u013e chce zisti\u0165, do akej miery s\u00fa tieto em\u00f3cie opodstatnen\u00e9 a sp\u00e4t\u00e9 s poskytovanou inform\u00e1ciou. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch je samotn\u00fd obsah inform\u00e1cie menej podstatn\u00fd ako em\u00f3cie, ktor\u00e9 do spr\u00e1vy akt\u00e9r zahrnul. Pocity samotn\u00e9 s\u00fa faktami, preto je potrebn\u00e9 ich bra\u0165 na vedomie. Dok\u00e1\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok, \u010di u\u017e pozit\u00edvne alebo negat\u00edvne.<br \/>\nAkt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie m\u00e1 dva varianty:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pas\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie<\/em> \u2013 z\u00edskan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie sa ukladaj\u00fa do ultrakr\u00e1tkej pam\u00e4ti. Prij\u00edmate\u013e si z\u00edskan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie nezapam\u00e4t\u00e1. V tomto pr\u00edpade ide o po\u010dutie nie o po\u010d\u00favanie. Ak odosielate\u013e dan\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu poskytuje nezauj\u00edmavo a\u017e nudne, je vhodn\u00e9 ho vyprovokova\u0165 k aktivite. Nie je dobr\u00e9 necha\u0165 ho upadn\u00fa\u0165 do pasivity pr\u00e1zdnymi gestami a verb\u00e1lnym prejavom ako \u201eaha\u201c, \u201euhm\u201c a pod.<\/li>\n<li><em>Akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie<\/em> \u2013 prij\u00edmate\u013e odosielate\u013ea po\u010d\u00fava, sna\u017e\u00ed sa do procesu komunik\u00e1cie zapoji\u0165 verb\u00e1lne ot\u00e1zkami aj neverb\u00e1lnymi gestami a mimikou. Akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1 \u017ee automaticky sa prij\u00edmate\u013e stoto\u017e\u0148uje s danou inform\u00e1ciou alebo o nej bude h\u013abkovo uva\u017eova\u0165. Preto je potrebn\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 jeho z\u00e1ujem k poskytnutiu \u010do najrelevantnej\u0161\u00edch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, aby sa u neho z\u00e1ujem o dan\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu prebudil a uchoval.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bari\u00e9ry po\u010d\u00favania:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zl\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia na obidvoch stran\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li>Zhon<\/li>\n<li>Stres<\/li>\n<li>Zaujatos\u0165<\/li>\n<li>S\u00fastredenie sa na in\u00e9 veci<\/li>\n<li>Jasnos\u0165 vyjadrovania<\/li>\n<li>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 re\u010di<\/li>\n<li>nez\u00e1ujem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010dania na elimin\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto bari\u00e9r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kladenie relevantn\u00fdch a logick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok<\/li>\n<li>otvoren\u00e9 odpovede na kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/li>\n<li>vyhraden\u00e9 miesto a \u010das na komunik\u00e1ciu o danom probl\u00e9me<\/li>\n<li>nevyvodzovanie pred\u010dasn\u00fdch z\u00e1verov<\/li>\n<li>nevnucovanie vlastn\u00fdch n\u00e1zorov<\/li>\n<li>h\u013eadanie rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mu nie len jeho anal\u00fdza<\/li>\n<li>\u010das na \u00fapln\u00e9 vysvetlenie<\/li>\n<li>vypo\u010dutie druhej strany a in\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. ASERTIVITA<\/h2>\n<p>Asert\u00edvna komunik\u00e1cia predstavuje vonkaj\u0161ie p\u00f4sobenie a spr\u00e1vanie \u010dloveka pre dosiahnutie \u010do najlep\u0161ieho \u017eiadan\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku. Umo\u017e\u0148uje vhodnou formou prejavi\u0165 primeran\u00e9 em\u00f3cie, vyjadri\u0165 \u017eelania, po\u017eiadavky a vlastn\u00e9 pozit\u00edvne \u010di negat\u00edvne stanovisko komunikuj\u00faceho.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><br \/>\nAsertivita je pr\u00e1vo \u010dloveka poveda\u0165 a presadi\u0165 svoj n\u00e1zor. \u010ci u\u017e ide o techniku \u201epo\u0161kodenej gramoplatne\u201c pri presadzovan\u00ed svojho n\u00e1zoru pr\u00edpadne n\u00e1mietky a pozn\u00e1mky, pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed kompromisov s druhou stranou ako aj pri be\u017enej komunik\u00e1ci\u00ed s bl\u00edzkou osobou v d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch rozhodnutiach. Toto presadzovanie n\u00e1zoru v\u0161ak neprebieha kri\u010dan\u00edm a vyhr\u00e1\u017ean\u00edm sa ale slu\u0161n\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, pri ktorom je potrebn\u00e9 dba\u0165 na n\u00e1zor druhej strany.<br \/>\nHlavn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje asert\u00edvnej komunik\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Sebaotvorenie<\/em> \u2013 ide o vyu\u017e\u00edvanie tzv. \u201evo\u013en\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed\u201c, ktor\u00e9 sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na za\u010datie a udr\u017eanie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek rozhovoru. S\u00fa to spont\u00e1nne inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa v procese zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vy\u017eadovan\u00e9, ako napr. vyjadrenie prian\u00ed, z\u00e1ujmov, \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, kon\u00ed\u010dkov a podobne. Z tak\u00fdchto n\u00e1metov sa d\u00e1 vytvori\u0165 mno\u017estvo t\u00e9m na komunik\u00e1ciu a pom\u00e1haj\u00fa druhej strane o lep\u0161ie poznanie partnera.<\/li>\n<li><em>Sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba \u2013<\/em> po sebaotvoren\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00edskan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie \u010falej rozv\u00edja\u0165 a neobmedzova\u0165 svoje odpovede len na \u201e\u00e1no\u201c a \u201enie\u201c. Ak prij\u00edmate\u013e tieto inform\u00e1cie sleduje, spracuje a reaguje na ne, za\u010d\u00edna ma\u0165 komunik\u00e1cia pre odosielate\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed zmysel, nako\u013eko je to sign\u00e1l \u017ee je vypo\u010dut\u00fd a tieto inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa pre prij\u00edmate\u013ea zauj\u00edmav\u00e9. O po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed pod\u00e1va \u010dlovek sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu napr. o\u010dn\u00fdm kontaktom, gestami, v\u00fdrokmi, ktor\u00e1 je jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed efekt\u00edvnej komunik\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. EMPATIA<\/h2>\n<p>Slovo empatia poch\u00e1dza z gr\u00e9\u010dtiny a znamen\u00e1 <em>siln\u00fa em\u00f3ciu, v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148<\/em>. Empatiou sa rozumie schopnos\u0165 \u010dloveka v\u017ei\u0165 sa do citov in\u00e9ho. D\u00e1va mu pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 vc\u00edti\u0165 a pochopi\u0165 em\u00f3cie a stavy, ktor\u00e9 druh\u00fd \u010dlovek nevyjadruje priamo a ktor\u00e9 o\u010dividne nevypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa z danej situ\u00e1cie.<br \/>\nPre empatick\u00e9 pochopenie druh\u00e9ho \u010dloveka je potrebn\u00e9 vynalo\u017ei\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 <em>\u00fasilie chcie\u0165 <\/em>pochopi\u0165 a vc\u00edti\u0165 sa do du\u0161evnej situ\u00e1cie tohto \u010dloveka a cie\u013eavedome by\u0165 zameran\u00fd a s\u00fastreden\u00fd na jeho vn\u00fatro.<br \/>\nLen v zriedkav\u00fdch a v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa dok\u00e1\u017ee empatia prejavi\u0165 aj bez vynalo\u017eenia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho \u00fasilia. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov s\u00fa \u013eudia bez \u00fasilia o empatiu schopn\u00ed len povrchn\u00e9ho poznania.<br \/>\nEmpatia pom\u00e1ha akt\u00e9rom v procese komunik\u00e1cie pochopi\u0165 \u010do odosielate\u013e d\u00e1va najavo a ako to prij\u00edmate\u013e n\u00e1sledne pochop\u00ed. Odstra\u0148uje pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 nedorozumenia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 a ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k h\u00e1dke alebo pr\u00edpadn\u00e9mu ukon\u010deniu komunik\u00e1cie.<br \/>\nPodstata akt\u00edvneho empatick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00favania spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee pr\u00edjemca sa pok\u00fasi pochopi\u0165, \u010do c\u00edti odosielate\u013e. Potom sa podstatu pok\u00fasi sformulova\u0165 vlastn\u00fdmi slovami, aby ho odosielate\u013e \u201esp\u00e4tne ods\u00fahlasil\u201c. Pr\u00edjemca neposiela vlastn\u00fd odkaz (radu, hodnotenie, pr\u00edkaz, ot\u00e1zku). Akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie u\u013eah\u010duje pokra\u010dova\u0165 v rozhovore, ktor\u00fd nie je ni\u010d\u00edm ru\u0161en\u00fd. <a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><br \/>\nEmpatiu oby\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa menej vzdelan\u00e9 (nie menej inteligentn\u00e9) osoby, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu \u00faspe\u0161ne ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed. \u010cierna kronika dokazuje, \u017ee t\u00edto \u013eudia prostredn\u00edctvom empatie s\u00fa schopn\u00ed ovplyvni\u0165 aj inteligentn\u00fdch a vzdelan\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa \u010dastej\u0161ie stavaj\u00fa obe\u0165ou podvodov a podvodn\u00edkov (a nie s\u00fa to mal\u00e9 sumy). Tak\u00fdto \u010dlovek vie, \u010di u V\u00e1s uspeje s ponukou predaja val\u00fat za v\u00fdhodn\u00fa cenu a c\u00edti, kto vo vidine ve\u013ek\u00e9ho zisku je ochotn\u00fd podst\u00fapi\u0165 vysok\u00e9 a nezmyseln\u00e9 riziko. To sa v\u0161ak st\u00e1va i v obchodnom rokovan\u00ed (vytu\u0161\u00ed Va\u0161e mot\u00edvy). Sk\u00fasen\u00fd obchodn\u00edk v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edva empatiu pozit\u00edvne &#8211; v prospech partnera a vo svoj prospech.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>4. PERSU\u00c1ZIA<\/h2>\n<p>Persu\u00e1zia ozna\u010duje schopnos\u0165 \u010dloveka v komunika\u010dnom procese presved\u010di\u0165 alebo ovplyvni\u0165 in\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, resp. skupinu \u013eud\u00ed, pri\u010dom je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na slovnom (verb\u00e1lnom) alebo neverb\u00e1lnom p\u00f4soben\u00ed na \u010dloveka.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><strong> <\/strong><br \/>\nPersu\u00e1zia sa d\u00e1 ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako presvied\u010danie druhej osoby. Ide o nen\u00e1siln\u00e9 presvied\u010danie, nie o manipul\u00e1ciu. Manipul\u00e1cia m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00e9 znaky ako vnucovanie n\u00e1zoru, neod\u00f4vodnite\u013enos\u0165 a nedobrovo\u013enos\u0165 prija\u0165 tento n\u00e1zor.<br \/>\nN\u00e1zor alebo spr\u00e1va, ktor\u00fa chce \u010dlovek persuova\u0165 inej osobe by mala by\u0165 d\u00f4veryhodn\u00e1 a presved\u010div\u00e1. Tieto vlastnosti z\u00edska v\u010faka vierohodn\u00e9mu zdroju, autorite zdroja inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou a atrakt\u00edvnos\u0165ou. Spr\u00e1va mus\u00ed by\u0165 pova\u017eovan\u00e1 prij\u00edmate\u013eom za pravdiv\u00fa.<br \/>\nPresvied\u010danie, argumentovanie, ktor\u00e9 vedie k zmene postoja in\u00e9ho \u010dloveka sa naz\u00fdva agit\u00e1cia. Vyjadruje empatick\u00e9 porozumenie a budovanie sebad\u00f4very a d\u00f4very toho druh\u00e9ho. Chybami, ktor\u00e9 sa pri presvied\u010dan\u00ed vyskytuj\u00fa, s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 zdvorilos\u0165, neopodstatnen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie zdrobnen\u00edn, fr\u00e1z a detinsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov.<br \/>\n<em>Skryt\u00e1 persu\u00e1zia<\/em> sa vyskytuje hlavne v reklame a marketingu. Ide o ovplyv\u0148ovanie z\u00e1kazn\u00edka opakovan\u00fdm a\u017e vtierav\u00fdm prezentovan\u00edm ur\u010ditej zna\u010dky. Odborn\u00edkmi je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za neetick\u00fa, preto\u017ee manipuluje so z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom.<\/p>\n<h2>5. METAKOMUNIK\u00c1CIA<\/h2>\n<p>Metakomunik\u00e1cia je s\u00fahrn neverb\u00e1lnych prejavov sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00facich komunik\u00e1ciu. Patria sem gest\u00e1, mimika, vzdialenos\u0165 a rozmiestnenie komunikuj\u00facich, inton\u00e1cia hlasu. Metakomunik\u00e1cia obsah verb\u00e1lneho oznamu bu\u010f zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, popiera alebo pos\u00fava jeho v\u00fdznam.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><br \/>\nMetakomunik\u00e1cia je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k pochopeniu, objasneniu a porozumeniu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa vymie\u0148aj\u00fa. Hovor\u00ed o tom, ako prija\u0165 spr\u00e1vu, objas\u0148uje, \u010do je nad, v a o komunik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Ur\u010duje ako porozumie\u0165 obsahu vyjadren\u00e9ho, napr. \u010di ide o kritiku, pochvalu, ir\u00f3niu.<br \/>\nNespr\u00e1vne vn\u00edmanie metakomunik\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k chaosu a nespr\u00e1vnemu pochopeniu danej inform\u00e1cie \u010do vedie k nepochopeniu komunikuj\u00facich.<br \/>\nSkuto\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu utv\u00e1raj\u00fa tieto faktory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>verb\u00e1lny a neverb\u00e1lny obsah,<\/li>\n<li>kontext celkovej situ\u00e1cie,<\/li>\n<li>hlasov\u00fd a citov\u00fd pr\u00edzvuk,<\/li>\n<li>mimika,<\/li>\n<li>gest\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><em><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em> Bla\u0161kov\u00e1 M. : Riadenie a rozvoj \u013eudsk\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu, 2011 EDIS<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><em><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em> http:\/\/www.ludskaempatia.estranky.sk\/<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><em><strong>[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em> http:\/\/komunikacia.blog.cz\/<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><em><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em> Bla\u0161kov\u00e1 M. : Riadenie a rozvoj \u013eudsk\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu, 2011 EDIS \u017dilina<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><em><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> <em>http:\/\/ii.fmph.uniba.sk\/~filit\/fvm\/metakomunikacia.html<\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>[6]<\/strong> Iacocca, L. : Kari\u00e9ra mana\u017e\u00e9ra. Moskva: Progres, 1991<\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>[7] <\/strong>http:\/\/www.krajciova.sk\/<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti tvoria z\u00e1klad v\u0161etk\u00fdch soci\u00e1lno-psychologick\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 jednotlivec potrebuje na svoje zaradenie sa do spolo\u010dnosti. Ich podstatu tvor\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00fd mechanizmus a preto s\u00fa v &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":24995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62,553],"tags":[130],"class_list":["post-7670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manazment","category-vzdelavam-sa","tag-riadenie-ludskych-zdrojov"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Defin\u00edcia komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed a ich typy: metakomunik\u00e1cia, persu\u00e1zia, empatia, asertivita a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Defin\u00edcia komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed a ich typy: metakomunik\u00e1cia, persu\u00e1zia, empatia, asertivita a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-22T03:06:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-13T12:58:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1528\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"suedig\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"suedig\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"suedig\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/82ab6b938e6af0552423beca164013e3\"},\"headline\":\"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-22T03:06:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T12:58:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1895,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"riadenie \u013eudsk\u00fdch zdrojov\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Mana\u017ement\",\"Vzdel\u00e1vam sa\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/\",\"name\":\"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-22T03:06:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T12:58:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"Defin\u00edcia komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed a ich typy: metakomunik\u00e1cia, persu\u00e1zia, empatia, asertivita a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg\",\"width\":1528,\"height\":1200},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\",\"description\":\"Vrtu\u013en\u00edky.sk\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png\",\"width\":201,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/vrtulniky\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/82ab6b938e6af0552423beca164013e3\",\"name\":\"suedig\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/author\\\/suedig\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti","description":"Defin\u00edcia komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed a ich typy: metakomunik\u00e1cia, persu\u00e1zia, empatia, asertivita a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti","og_description":"Defin\u00edcia komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed a ich typy: metakomunik\u00e1cia, persu\u00e1zia, empatia, asertivita a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/","og_site_name":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/","article_published_time":"2022-11-22T03:06:34+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-05-13T12:58:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1528,"height":1200,"url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"suedig","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"suedig","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"9 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/"},"author":{"name":"suedig","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/82ab6b938e6af0552423beca164013e3"},"headline":"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti","datePublished":"2022-11-22T03:06:34+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:58:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/"},"wordCount":1895,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg","keywords":["riadenie \u013eudsk\u00fdch zdrojov"],"articleSection":["Mana\u017ement","Vzdel\u00e1vam sa"],"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/","name":"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg","datePublished":"2022-11-22T03:06:34+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:58:31+00:00","description":"Defin\u00edcia komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed a ich typy: metakomunik\u00e1cia, persu\u00e1zia, empatia, asertivita a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/mzdove-uctovnictvo-a-personalistika.jpg","width":1528,"height":1200},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/komunikacne-zrucnosti\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/","name":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem","description":"Vrtu\u013en\u00edky.sk","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#organization","name":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png","width":201,"height":200,"caption":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/82ab6b938e6af0552423beca164013e3","name":"suedig","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/author\/suedig\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7670"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7670\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}