{"id":7769,"date":"2022-11-25T03:38:58","date_gmt":"2022-11-25T02:38:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=7769"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:58:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:58:30","slug":"ekonomicky-rast-a-stabilita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/ekonomicky-rast-a-stabilita\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomick\u00fd rast a stabilita"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Podstata ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu<\/h2>\n<p><strong>V ekonomickom v\u00fdvoji pozorujeme dve z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 tendencie: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa presadzuje celkov\u00fd trend k rastu ekonomiky, prejavuj\u00faci sa rastom potencion\u00e1lneho produktu.<\/li>\n<li>Z kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska prebieha v\u00fdvoj re\u00e1lneho makroekonomick\u00e9ho outputu v podobe vlnenia, v\u00fdkyvov s ur\u010ditou periodicitou.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Pojem <strong>ekonomick\u00fd rast<\/strong> predstavuje tak\u00e9 zmeny v hospod\u00e1rstve, ktor\u00e9 sa prejavuj\u00fa pr\u00edrastkom tokov\u00fdch makroekonomick\u00fdch veli\u010d\u00edn v \u010dase.<\/li>\n<li>Ide v postate o zvy\u0161ovanie makroekon. Outputu pripadaj\u00faceho na jedn\u00e9ho obyvate\u013ea (HDP per capita) v \u010dase.<\/li>\n<li>Tempo rastu HDP je vy\u0161\u0161ie, ako tempo rastu popul\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<li>Ekonomick\u00fd rast teda predstavuje zvy\u0161ovanie produk\u010dnej kapacity danej ekonomiky v \u010dase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Absol\u00fatna hodnota ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu: <\/strong><br \/>\nZmena Y= Y<sub>t<\/sub> \u2013Y<sub>t-1<\/sub><br \/>\n<strong>Koeficient ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu:<\/strong><br \/>\nr= Y<sub>t<\/sub> \/ Y<sub>t-1<\/sub> * 100(%)<br \/>\n<strong>Tempo ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu:<\/strong><br \/>\nG = Y<sub>t<\/sub> &#8211; Y<sub>t<\/sub> \/ Y<sub>t-1<\/sub> * 100(%)<br \/>\nPri meran\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu vych\u00e1dzame z dosahovan\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t re\u00e1lneho (nie nomin\u00e1lneho) outputu, aby sme vyl\u00fa\u010dili vplyv infl\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h2>Typy ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Extenz\u00edvny ekonomick\u00fd rast<\/strong> sa dosahuje zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm objemu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch faktorov (A, L,K)<br \/>\n<strong>Intenz\u00edvny ekonomick\u00fd rast<\/strong> je v\u00fdsledkom intenzifik\u00e1cie a zvy\u0161ovania efekt\u00edvnosti pri vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch faktorov, pri\u010dom sa v ekonomike zvy\u0161uje objem produkcie na jednotku vstupu.<br \/>\nOba typy ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu pos\u00favaj\u00fa hranicu produk\u010dn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/p>\n<h2>Zdroje ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu<\/h2>\n<p><strong>S\u00fahrnn\u00e1 produktivita<\/strong> ( produktivita pr\u00e1ce + \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 kapit\u00e1lu \u2013 materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 a energetick\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165). Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ju faktory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u013dudsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l, inform\u00e1cie a inov\u00e1cie<\/li>\n<li>Fyzick\u00fd kapit\u00e1l a technologick\u00e9 zmeny<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje<\/li>\n<li>Podnikavos\u0165 a mana\u017e\u00e9rske schopnosti<\/li>\n<li>Spolo\u010densko \u2013 in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne prostredie<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e1vne prostredie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Te\u00f3rie ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu<\/h2>\n<p>Snaha identifikova\u0165 a vysvetli\u0165 faktory a sp\u00f4soby dosahovania trval\u00e9ho a rovnov\u00e1\u017eneho tempa ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu.<br \/>\n<strong>Neokeynesi\u00e1nske te\u00f3rie ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu<\/strong> &#8211; pr\u00edstup zo strany AD<br \/>\n<strong>Domarov model rastu<\/strong> \u2013 pr\u00edrastok invest\u00edci\u00ed m\u00e1 vyvola\u0165 multiplikovan\u00fd rast dopytu, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010d\u00ed rast vyu\u017e\u00edvania rast\u00facej v\u00fdrobnej kapacity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Invest\u00edcie tak roz\u0161iruj\u00fa existuj\u00facu v\u00fdrobn\u00fa kapacitu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa nov\u00fd d\u00f4chodok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Harrodov model rastu<\/strong> \u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edva princ\u00edp akceler\u00e1tora (kapit\u00e1lov\u00fd koeficient)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rast d\u00f4chodku vyvol\u00e1va rast dopytu po spotrebn\u00fdch statkoch, \u010do p\u00f4sob\u00ed akcelera\u010dne na dopyt po invest\u00edci\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Harrod rozozn\u00e1va tri miery rastu d\u00f4chodku:\n<ul>\n<li>Zaru\u010den\u00e1 miera rastu (s \u00e0 I)<\/li>\n<li>Prirodzen\u00e1 miera rastu (max. miera rastu pri maxim\u00e1lnom vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch faktorov.)<\/li>\n<li>Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 miera rastu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Neoklasick\u00e9 te\u00f3rie ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu<\/strong> \u2013 pr\u00edstup zo strany AS<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u00e1pu vzdelanie, technick\u00fd pokrok a \u013eudsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l ako endog\u00e9nne rastov\u00e9 \u010dinitele.<\/li>\n<li>Pomocou produk\u010dn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed vyjadruj\u00fa vz\u0165ahy funkcion\u00e1lnej z\u00e1vislosti medzi v\u00fdrobn\u00fdmi faktormi a dosahovan\u00fdm outputom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Solowov model rastu<\/strong> ch\u00e1pe ekonomick\u00fd rast ako funkciu akumul\u00e1cie kapit\u00e1lu, popula\u010dn\u00e9ho rastu a technick\u00e9ho pokroku.<br \/>\n<strong>Te\u00f3rie endog\u00e9nneho rastu<\/strong> sa sna\u017eia vymedzi\u0165 procesy, ktor\u00e9 generuj\u00fa technick\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 zmeny.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rozli\u0161uj\u00fa intern\u00fd (vz\u0165ahuj\u00faci sa na fungovanie firiem) a extern\u00fd (vz\u0165ahuj\u00faci sa na fungovanie ekonomiky ako celku) efekt invest\u00edci\u00ed do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<li>Za z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 rastov\u00e9 faktory pova\u017euj\u00fa vedu, v\u00fdskum, inov\u00e1cie a invest\u00edcie do fyzick\u00e9ho a \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu (endog\u00e9nne zdroje rastu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ekonomick\u00e1 stabilita<\/h2>\n<p>Makroekonomick\u00fa stabilitu meriame prostredn\u00edctvom volatitity k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch indik\u00e1torov:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>P<\/strong> \u2013 miera infl\u00e1cie na b\u00e1ze CPI (medziro\u010dn\u00e1 % zmena spotrebite\u013esk\u00fdch cien v ekonomike)<\/li>\n<li><strong>G <\/strong>\u2013 rast re\u00e1lneho HDP v rozmedz\u00ed viacer\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch cyklov<\/li>\n<li><strong>U <\/strong>\u2013 meny v miere nezamestnanosti, resp. zamestnanosti v ekonomike<\/li>\n<li><strong>B <\/strong>\u2013 fluktu\u00e1cia salda platobnej bilancie (premenlivos\u0165 obchodnej bilancie danej krajiny vo\u010di zahrani\u010diu)<\/li>\n<li>Zmeny schodku alebo prebytku verejn\u00fdch financi\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Volatilita kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch a dlhodob\u00fdch kurzov \u0161t\u00e1tnych cenn\u00fdch papierov<\/li>\n<li>Stabilita menov\u00e9ho kurzu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Stabiln\u00e1 ekonomika predstavuje z\u00e1klad pre ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj v zmysle dlhodobo udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho zvy\u0161ovania \u00farovne potenci\u00e1lneho produktu.<\/li>\n<li>Ekonomick\u00e1 stabilita zvy\u0161uje d\u00f4veru u spotrebite\u013eov a v podnikate\u013eskom prostred\u00ed, \u010do p\u00f4sob\u00ed kladne na v\u00fdvoj spotreby a invest\u00edci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Stabiln\u00e1 n\u00edzka infl\u00e1cia motivuje k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm invest\u00edci\u00e1m ako determinantu zvy\u0161ovania produktivity a necenovej konkurencie.<\/li>\n<li>Kontrola infl\u00e1cie pom\u00e1ha cenovej konkurencieschopnosti export\u00e9rov a dom\u00e1cich v\u00fdrobcov vo vz\u0165ahu ku konkuren\u010dn\u00e9mu importu.<\/li>\n<li>Stabilita re\u00e1lnej ekonomiky napom\u00e1ha vytv\u00e1raniu stabiln\u00fdch o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed, \u010do stimuluje pr\u00edchod priamych zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Stabiln\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd rast a cenov\u00e1 stabilita udr\u017euj\u00fa n\u00edzke \u00farokov\u00e9 sadzby.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ekonomick\u00fd rast rozvojov\u00fdch kraj\u00edn<\/h2>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my <\/strong>\u2013 n\u00edzky stupe\u0148 ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoja, n\u00edzka produktivita pr\u00e1ce n\u00edzka \u00farove\u0148 rozvoja \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu, n\u00edzka \u00farove\u0148 akumul\u00e1cie, monokult\u00farna ekonomika, a pod.<br \/>\nMedzi teoretick\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy analyzuj\u00face pr\u00ed\u010diny vzniku bari\u00e9r rozvoja a h\u013eadaj\u00face v\u00fdchodisk\u00e1 patria Te\u00f3ria za\u010darovan\u00e9ho kruhu, te\u00f3ria bari\u00e9r, t. perif\u00e9rnej ekonomiky, t. du\u00e1lnej ekonomiky, t. vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho a nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho rastu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria za\u010darovan\u00e9ho kruhu<\/strong> \u2013 kauz\u00e1lna z\u00e1vislos\u0165 ekonomick\u00fdch a mimoekonomick\u00fdch rastov\u00fdch faktorov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria bari\u00e9r<\/strong> (G. Myrdal) \u2013 anal\u00fdza rastu rozdielov medzi ekonomick\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lom rozvojov\u00fdch a priemyselne vyspel\u00fdch kraj\u00edn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria perif\u00e9rnej ekonomiky<\/strong> \u2013 analyzuje zahrani\u010dnoobchodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy medzi centrami svetovej ekonomiky a perif\u00e9riami so zameran\u00edm na ich komoditn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria du\u00e1lnej ekonomiky<\/strong> \u2013 anal\u00fdza vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia dom\u00e1cich v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed a ich spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho vplyvu na ekonomick\u00fd rast.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Te\u00f3ria vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho a nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho rastu<\/strong> \u2013 alok\u00e1cia investi\u010dn\u00fdch uzlov, podnecuj\u00facich ekonomick\u00fd rast. Sleduje sa tu vz\u00e1jomn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 jednotliv\u00fdch sektorov ekonomiky a vplyv invest\u00edci\u00ed do k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa nerovnov\u00e1hu a nadv\u00e4zuj\u00face procesy usta\u013eovania nov\u00fdch rovnov\u00e1h.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Cyklick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ekonomiky<\/h2>\n<h3>Ekonomick\u00fd cyklus<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/ekonomika\/vseobecna-ekonomicka-teoria\/hospodarske-cykly\/\">Ekonomick\u00fd cyklus<\/a> charakterizujeme ako striedanie vzostupn\u00fdch a zostupn\u00fdch f\u00e1z v\u00fdvoja ekonomiky okolo dlhodob\u00e9ho trendu v\u00fdvoja ekonomiky (dlhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja potenci\u00e1lneho produktu).<\/li>\n<li>Opakuj\u00face sa v\u00fdkyvy vo v\u00fdvoji ekonomiky = cyklick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj.<\/li>\n<li>Jednotliv\u00e9 vlny = ekonomick\u00e9 cykly.<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 f\u00e1zy \u2013 <strong>expanzia a recesia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Ohrani\u010duj\u00face f\u00e1zy \u2013 <strong>vrchol a dno.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Typol\u00f3gia cyklov<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 (Kitchinove) cykly<\/strong> \u2013 trvania 2 a\u017e 3roky, d\u00f4sledok sez\u00f3nnych vplyvov a v\u00fdkyvov produkcie, sp\u00f4sobuj\u00facich zmenu stavu z\u00e1sob.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strednodob\u00e9 (Juglarove) cykly<\/strong> \u2013 trvanie 6 a\u017e 10 rokov, d\u00f4sledok zmien dopytu po investi\u010dn\u00fdch statkoch, s\u00favisiacich s v\u00fdkyvmi \u00farokovej miery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dlhodob\u00e9 (Kuznetsove) cykly<\/strong> \u2013 trvanie 30 a\u017e 60 rokov, d\u00f4sledok z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch zmien, s\u00favisiacich so zav\u00e1dzan\u00edm inov\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Indik\u00e1tory cyklick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Kurzy akci\u00ed na burz\u00e1ch CP (reprezentat\u00edvne indexy \u2013 Dow Jones Industrial Average, Financial Times Index, NIKKEI Index)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj priemyselnej v\u00fdroby<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj zamestnanosti<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj cenovej hladiny<\/li>\n<li>Zmena stavu z\u00e1sob<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj hrub\u00fdch dom\u00e1cich invest\u00edci\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Prejavy ekonomick\u00e9ho cyklu<\/h3>\n<p>F\u00e1za recesie<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ak re\u00e1lny output kles\u00e1 dva po sebe nasleduj\u00face \u0161tvr\u0165roky, ekonomika vstupuje do f\u00e1zy recesie.<\/li>\n<li>Doch\u00e1dza k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu AD resp. AS<\/li>\n<li>Zni\u017euje sa v\u00fdroba a kles\u00e1 zamestnanos\u0165<\/li>\n<li>Pri poklese AD ceny statkov s vy\u0161\u0161ou elasticitou klesaj\u00fa, spoma\u013euje, resp. zastavuje sa rast nepru\u017en\u00fdch cien.<\/li>\n<li>Klesaj\u00fa zisky firiem, kurzy akci\u00ed, dopyt po \u00faveroch a \u00farokov\u00e1 miera.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>F\u00e1za expanzie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Celkov\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 aktivita rastie<\/li>\n<li>Rastie dopyt po \u00faveroch a investi\u010dn\u00e1 aktivita, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje tlak na rast \u00farokovej miery<\/li>\n<li>Zni\u017euje sa nezamestnanos\u0165<\/li>\n<li>Postupne doch\u00e1dza k ratu d\u00f4chodkov a spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9ho dopytu<\/li>\n<li>Re\u00e1lny output m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 prevy\u0161uj\u00facu aktu\u00e1lny potenci\u00e1lny produkt, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje infla\u010dn\u00e9 tlaky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj miery infl\u00e1cie je zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a procyklick\u00fd, miera nezamestnanosti vykazuje k ekonomick\u00e9mu cyklu inverzn\u00fd vz\u0165ah. Z charakteristiky jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z ekonomick\u00e9ho cyklu vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee cyklick\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy s\u00fa nepravideln\u00e9, \u010do sa t\u00fdka ich intenzity a doby trvania a s\u00fa \u010dasto pomerne \u0165a\u017eko predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9. Recesie i expanzie m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 glob\u00e1lny dosah a zasahova\u0165 takmer v\u0161etky odvetvia. Priebeh cyklu m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 tvar V, U, L, pr\u00edpadne W.<\/p>\n<h3>Endog\u00e9nne a exog\u00e9nne \u010dinitele ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face ekonomick\u00fd cyklus<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Endog\u00e9nne (vn\u00fatorn\u00e9) \u010dinitele<\/strong> s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ekonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pokles spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9ho dopytu sp\u00f4soben\u00fd poklesom re\u00e1lnych d\u00f4chodkov<\/li>\n<li>Investi\u010dn\u00fd pesimizmus firiem a pod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Exog\u00e9nne (vonkaj\u0161ie) \u010dinitele <\/strong>p\u00f4sobia mimo ekonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Politick\u00e9 \u010dinitele (politick\u00e9 a spolo\u010densk\u00e9 zmeny, vo\u013eby, \u0161t\u00e1tne z\u00e1sahy, vojny apod. )<\/li>\n<li>Zmeny svetov\u00fdch cien surov\u00edn a energi\u00ed, technologick\u00e9 zmeny, objavy a inov\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Agreg\u00e1tny dopyt a ekonomick\u00fd cyklus<\/h3>\n<p>Mechanizmus ekonomick\u00e9ho cyklu mo\u017eno vysvetli\u0165 na z\u00e1klade v\u00fdkyvov AD a AS, vyvolan\u00fdch dopytov\u00fdmi, resp. ponukov\u00fdmi \u0161okmi.<br \/>\nK <strong>dopytov\u00fdm \u0161okom<\/strong> doch\u00e1dza napr. pod vplyvom pesimistick\u00fdch, alebo optimistick\u00fdch o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed spotrebite\u013eov a podnikate\u013eov v d\u00f4sledku politick\u00fdch a vojnov\u00fdch udalost\u00ed. Doch\u00e1dza k nim tie\u017e pod vplyvom z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch zmien vl\u00e1dnych v\u00fddavkov, miery zdanenia, zmien zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho dopytu, menov\u00e9ho kurzu, zmeny pe\u0148a\u017enej z\u00e1soby, a pod.<br \/>\nPr\u00ed\u010dinou <strong>ponukov\u00fdch \u0161okov <\/strong>m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 napr. z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 zmeny v produktivite pr\u00e1ce, ne\u00faroda, v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zmeny cien energetick\u00fdch zdrojov, surov\u00edn a materi\u00e1lov, n\u00e1rast alebo pokles ekologick\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov, a pod. Ponukov\u00e9 \u0161oky sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa zmeny, resp. posuny AS. Pri poklese AS doch\u00e1dza k poklesu re\u00e1lneho outputu a s\u00fa\u010dasne k n\u00e1rastu cenovej hladiny (tento jav je v ekonomickej te\u00f3rii zn\u00e1my ako stagfl\u00e1cia, resp. slumpfl\u00e1cia).<\/p>\n<h3>Teoretick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na ekonomick\u00fd cyklus<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Keynesi\u00e1nske koncepty<\/strong> za hlavn\u00fd zdroj cyklick\u00fdch v\u00fdkyvov pova\u017euj\u00fa zmeny AD, sp\u00f4sobovan\u00e9 vn\u00fatornou nestabilitou trhu (za najlabilnej\u0161\u00ed komponent HDP pova\u017euj\u00fa I). V\u00fdkyvy AD vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdkyvy vo v\u00fdvoji v\u00fdroby, zamestnanosti, re\u00e1lneho outputu a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch makroekonomick\u00fdch veli\u010d\u00edn. Z tohto poh\u013eadu vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa odpor\u00fa\u010dania proticyklickej politiky vl\u00e1dy, zalo\u017eenej na syst\u00e9me zabudovan\u00fdch stabiliz\u00e1torov a z\u00e1mern\u00fdch cielen\u00fdch opatren\u00ed fi\u0161k\u00e1lnej politiky.<br \/>\n<strong>Neokonzervat\u00edvne koncepty<\/strong> pova\u017euj\u00fa ekonomick\u00fd syst\u00e9m za vn\u00fatorne stabiln\u00fd, za hlavn\u00fd zdroj cyklick\u00fdch v\u00fdkyvov pova\u017euj\u00fa exog\u00e9nne \u010dinitele, sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face ponukov\u00e9 \u0161oky. Za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj nerovnov\u00e1hy pova\u017euj\u00fa tie\u017e nevhodn\u00fa hospod\u00e1rsku politiku vl\u00e1dy (politicky indukovan\u00fd cyklus). Z tohto poh\u013eadu vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa odpor\u00fa\u010dania vhodnej monet\u00e1rnej politiky a vytv\u00e1rania stimulov k pr\u00e1ci, sporeniu , podnikaniu, teda stimulov AS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podstata ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu V ekonomickom v\u00fdvoji pozorujeme dve z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 tendencie: Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa presadzuje celkov\u00fd trend k rastu ekonomiky, prejavuj\u00faci sa rastom potencion\u00e1lneho produktu. &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":25220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,553],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomia","category-vzdelavam-sa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ekonomick\u00fd rast a stabilita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Podstata a typy ekonomick\u00e9ho rastu. 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