{"id":9676,"date":"2023-04-18T08:08:46","date_gmt":"2023-04-18T06:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=9676"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:57:15","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:57:15","slug":"udalosti-predchadzajuce-vzniku-europskej-unie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/udalosti-predchadzajuce-vzniku-europskej-unie\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffUdalosti predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face vzniku Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eur\u00f3psky<strong> svetadiel<\/strong> je kol\u00edskou integra\u010dn\u00fdch zoskupen\u00ed. Po skon\u010den\u00ed II. svetovej vojny v <strong>roku 1945 vznikli<\/strong> vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti strednej Eur\u00f3py <strong>socialistick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty.<\/strong> \u0160t\u00e1ty z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3py mohli budova\u0165 vojnou zni\u010den\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo s pomocou USA prostredn\u00edctvom <strong>Marshallovho pl\u00e1nu<\/strong>. Pod n\u00e1tlakom Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu socialistick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty odmietli Marshallov pl\u00e1n.<br \/>\n<strong>Rada vz\u00e1jomnej hospod\u00e1rskej pomoci (RVHP)<\/strong> vznikla v roku 1949 z iniciat\u00edvy Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu a Rumunska, (dohodli sa ZSSR, Rumunsko, Bulharsko, Po\u013esko, \u010ceskoslovensko Ma\u010farsko, nesk\u00f4r aj Alb\u00e1nsko, v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Nemecko, Mongolsko, Kuba, Vietnam) Koncom 50-tych rokov 20. storo\u010dia sa <strong>pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm(centr\u00e1lnym) hospod\u00e1rstvom <\/strong>v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov dospelo k z\u00e1vislosti dovozu surov\u00edn zo Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu, vznikali spracovate\u013esk\u00e9 z\u00e1vody n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na surovinu a energiu (najm\u00e4 \u010dierna metalurgia, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 stroj\u00e1rstvo a zbroj\u00e1rsky priemysel), b\u00fdval\u00e9 agr\u00e1rne ekonomiky \u0161t\u00e1tov aj oblast\u00ed sa pl\u00e1novane industrializovali. Preteky v zbrojen\u00ed medzi Z\u00e1padom a V\u00fdchodom sp\u00f4sobili hospod\u00e1rsku aj politick\u00fa kr\u00edzu v Sovietskom zv\u00e4ze. Prechodn\u00e9 opatrenia v <strong>podobe glasnosti a perestrojky<\/strong> ju e\u0161te preh\u013abili. Z\u00e1nik RVHP nastal po zmene politick\u00fdch pomerov v Eur\u00f3pe. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty sa jednozna\u010dne dohodli skon\u010di\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu na komunistick\u00fdch ideologick\u00fdch poz\u00edci\u00e1ch. RVHP skon\u010dila svoju \u010dinnos\u0165 v roku 1990.<br \/>\nNajstar\u0161\u00edm integra\u010dn\u00fdm zoskupen\u00edm je <strong>s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 <em>Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania <\/em>(E\u00da), <\/strong>smeruje k najvy\u0161\u0161ej forme integr\u00e1cie, k politickej \u00fanii alebo k federalizovanej Eur\u00f3pe. Eur\u00f3pskeho spolo\u010denstva pre uhlie a oce\u013e, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me pod n\u00e1zvom <strong>Mont\u00e1nna \u00fania<\/strong>. Zmluva bola ratifikovan\u00e1 v roku 1952 a zdru\u017eovala z\u00e1ujmy \u0165a\u017eobn\u00e9ho a hutn\u00edckeho priemyslu Mont\u00e1nna \u00fania tvorila jadro, ktor\u00e9 sa v roku 1957 stalo z\u00e1kladom <strong><em>Eur\u00f3pskeho hospod\u00e1rskeho spolo\u010denstva <\/em>(EHS),<\/strong> \u010doho prim\u00e1rnou \u00falohou bolo vytvori\u0165 podmienky pre spolo\u010dn\u00fd trh. Ustanovuj\u00facim dokumentom EHS s\u00fa R\u00edmske zmluvy, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch bolo zalo\u017een\u00e9 aj Eur\u00f3pske spolo\u010denstvo pre at\u00f3mov\u00fa energiu <strong><em>Euroatom<\/em>.<\/strong><br \/>\nJean Monnet, pripravil pl\u00e1n na vytvorenie organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 by spravovala franc\u00fazske a nemeck\u00e9 zdroje uhlia a ocele. Franc\u00fazska vl\u00e1da na svojom rokovan\u00ed tento dokument prijala. Nespokojnos\u0165 s jej fungovan\u00edm vyjadril J. Monnet rezign\u00e1ciou na v\u0161etky funkcie, ktor\u00e1 zast\u00e1val. Iniciat\u00edvou Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie vzniklo v roku <strong>1960 <em>Eur\u00f3pske zdru\u017eenie vo\u013en\u00e9ho obchodu <\/em><\/strong>Zakladaj\u00facu chartu (Stockholmsk\u00fa zmluvu) podp\u00edsalo sedem \u0161t\u00e1tov (Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia, D\u00e1nsko, N\u00f3rsko, Portugalsko, Rak\u00fasko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a \u0160vaj\u010diarsko), pridru\u017een\u00fdm \u010dlenom sa stalo F\u00ednsko. Nesk\u00f4r sa \u010dlenmi stali Island, Lichten\u0161tajnsko a \u00cdrsko. Na rozdiel od EHS netvorilo EZVO tak kompaktn\u00fa integr\u00e1ciu. Malo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed priemyseln\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, hospod\u00e1rska \u00farove\u0148 \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov bola ve\u013emi rozdielna.<br \/>\nEZVO ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko presadzovalo spolo\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia a u\u017e od svojho zalo\u017eenia prech\u00e1dzalo kr\u00edzami Spolo\u010dne s krajinami E\u00da spolupracuj\u00fa v tzv. <strong><em>Eur\u00f3pskom hospod\u00e1rskom priestore <\/em>(EHP),<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00fdhody spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho trhu (vo\u013en\u00fd pohyb tovarov, slu\u017eieb, kapit\u00e1lu a pracovn\u00fdch s\u00edl). V druhej polovici 60-tych rokov 20. storo\u010dia sa uskuto\u010dnila reorganiz\u00e1cia hlavn\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed troch integra\u010dn\u00fdch zoskupen\u00ed (Mont\u00e1nna \u00fania, EHS, Euroatom), z ktor\u00fdch vznikla jedna exekut\u00edva pod n\u00e1zvom <strong><em>Eur\u00f3pske spolo\u010denstvo <\/em>(ES)<\/strong>. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm predpokladom pre vstup do ES bolo (a st\u00e1le je) <strong>trhov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, pluralitn\u00e9 riadenie \u0161t\u00e1tu s demokratickou vl\u00e1dou, dodr\u017eiavanie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d, hospod\u00e1rska a poliick\u00e1 stabilita. <\/strong>V j\u00fali 1968 vst\u00fapila do platnosti dohoda o colnej \u00fanii. V roku 1973 sa \u010dlenmi ES stali Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia, \u00cdrsko a D\u00e1nsko.<br \/>\nV roku 1979 <strong>vznikol <em>Eur\u00f3psky menov\u00fd syst\u00e9m <\/em>(EMS),<\/strong> ktor\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladom sa stali eur\u00f3pska menov\u00e1 jednotka ECU, jednotn\u00fd mechanizmus zmenn\u00fdch kurzov a bankov\u00fdch intervenci\u00ed a nakoniec mechanizmus poskytovania \u00faverov a transferenci\u00ed. V <strong><em>oblasti politickej \u00fanie<\/em><\/strong> sa zaviedla spolo\u010dn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 politika, ob\u010dianstvo \u00danie, spolo\u010dn\u00e1 politika v oblasti spravodlivosti a vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, zv\u00fdraznila sa \u00faloha Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eur\u00f3psky svetadiel je kol\u00edskou integra\u010dn\u00fdch zoskupen\u00ed. Po skon\u010den\u00ed II. svetovej vojny v roku 1945 vznikli vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti strednej Eur\u00f3py socialistick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty. \u0160t\u00e1ty z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3py &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,557],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-9676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-europska-unia","category-relaxujem","tag-europska-unia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Udalosti predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face vzniku Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u010co bolo pred vznikom Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/udalosti-predchadzajuce-vzniku-europskej-unie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Udalosti predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face vzniku Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u010co bolo pred vznikom Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/udalosti-predchadzajuce-vzniku-europskej-unie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-18T06:08:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-13T12:57:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecka-skola-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"908\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"701\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bc. 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