{"id":9987,"date":"2023-02-05T11:56:45","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T10:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/?p=9987"},"modified":"2024-05-13T14:57:47","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:57:47","slug":"zdruzovanie-podnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Ciele zdru\u017eovania<\/h2>\n<p>Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov je aktivita, pri ktorej doch\u00e1dza k u\u017e\u0161ej spolupr\u00e1ci viacer\u00fdch podnikov na z\u00e1klade otvoren\u00fdch zmluvn\u00fdch alebo skryt\u00fdch doh\u00f4d. Cie\u013eom zdru\u017eovania podnikov je:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zv\u00fd\u0161enie hospod\u00e1rnosti dosiahnut\u00edm racionaliza\u010dn\u00fdch efektov a t\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov v r\u00e1mci v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej hospod\u00e1rskej jednotky,<\/li>\n<li>Posilnenie konkurencieschopnosti zlep\u0161en\u00edm postavenia na trhu oproti dod\u00e1vate\u013eom, odberate\u013eom a verite\u013eom,<\/li>\n<li>Zmen\u0161enie rizika podnikovej \u010dinnosti v d\u00f4sledku jeho rozdelenia na viacer\u00fdch partnerov,<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00edskanie mocenskej poz\u00edcie obmedzen\u00edm konkurencie na trhu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Oblasti zdru\u017eovania podnikov<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oblas\u0165 z\u00e1sobovania<\/strong> \u2013 zdru\u017eovan\u00edm podnikov doch\u00e1dza k spolo\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kupom a t\u00fdm k zlep\u0161eniu postavenia \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edckych podnikov na trhu oproti siln\u00fdm dod\u00e1vate\u013eom na vytvorenie priazniv\u00fdch dodac\u00edch podmienok spolo\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kupom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho mno\u017estva, \u010d\u00edm sa dosahuje priazniv\u00e1 cena (rabatov\u00e1 politika) pre zdru\u017een\u00e9 podniky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oblas\u0165 v\u00fdroby<\/strong> \u2013 zdru\u017eovanie sa zameriava na koordin\u00e1ciu mno\u017estva, na kvalitu kooper\u00e1cie a postup v\u00fdroby, druh v\u00fdroby \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edckych podnikov. To vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu vyu\u017eitia v\u00fdrobnej kapacity, typiz\u00e1cii v\u00fdrobkov, diverzifik\u00e1cii v\u00fdroby, racionaliz\u00e1cii v\u00fdroby, vyu\u017eitiu poklesu n\u00e1kladov pri zv\u00fd\u0161enom objeme v\u00fdrobkov a podobne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oblas\u0165 odbytu<\/strong> \u2013 zdru\u017eovanie umo\u017e\u0148uje zlep\u0161enie odbytov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed a t\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161enie hospod\u00e1rnosti a zlep\u0161enie poz\u00edcie na trhu. Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd prieskum trhu, reklama, distrib\u00facia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oblas\u0165 v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja<\/strong> \u2013 st\u00e1va sa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom zdru\u017eovania podnikov, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj s\u00fa \u010doraz n\u00e1kladnej\u0161ie a jednotliv\u00fd podnik ich nem\u00f4\u017ee unies\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oblas\u0165 financovania<\/strong> \u2013 jednotliv\u00e9 podniky nem\u00f4\u017eu financova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 projekty, a tak je ich zdru\u017eovanie nevyhnutn\u00e9. Zvy\u0161uje toti\u017e \u00faverov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v banke a na kapit\u00e1lovom trhu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Krit\u00e9ria zdru\u017eovania podnikov<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdrobno-technick\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium<\/strong>, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho rozozn\u00e1vame:\n<ul>\n<li>Horizont\u00e1lne zdru\u017eenia, v ktor\u00fdch sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa podniky rovnak\u00fdch alebo pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch odborov. Cie\u013eom t\u00fdchto zdru\u017een\u00ed je dosiahnu\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 \u0161pecializ\u00e1cie, ako aj vyl\u00fa\u010denie doteraj\u0161ej konkurencie medzi t\u00fdmito podnikmi,<\/li>\n<li>Vertik\u00e1lne zdru\u017eenia, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa podniky r\u00f4znych odborov, ktor\u00e9 navz\u00e1jom na seba nadv\u00e4zuj\u00fa. Cie\u013eom tak\u00fdchto zdru\u017een\u00ed je zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pravideln\u00fd pr\u00edsun surov\u00edn a t\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika z d\u00f4vodov nez\u00e1vislosti od cudz\u00edch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov,<\/li>\n<li>Diagon\u00e1lne zdru\u017eenia, ke\u010f sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa podniky r\u00f4znych odborov p\u00f4sobiace na r\u00f4znych trhoch, ktor\u00e9 medzi sebou nes\u00favisia. Cie\u013eom je kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie rizika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u00dazemn\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 vymedzuje ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00fd rozsah na p\u00f4sobenie zdru\u017eenia. Potom hovor\u00edme o:\n<ul>\n<li>Region\u00e1lnych zdru\u017eeniach, ak sa zdru\u017euj\u00fa podniky v ur\u010ditom regi\u00f3ne,<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 zdru\u017eenia, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00fdch sa zdru\u017euj\u00fa len podniky na \u00fazem\u00ed jedn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu,<\/li>\n<li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 zdru\u017eenia, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho prepojenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u013a\u017eka trvania vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho spojenia podnikov<\/strong>, pod\u013ea tohoto krit\u00e9ria pozn\u00e1me:\n<ul>\n<li>Do\u010dasn\u00e9 zdru\u017eenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u010dasovo ohrani\u010den\u00e9 a zameran\u00e9 len na realiz\u00e1ciu jedn\u00e9ho projektu,<\/li>\n<li>Trval\u00e9 zdru\u017eenia, ktor\u00fdch trvanie je \u010dasovo neohrani\u010den\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intenzita vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1jania podnikov<\/strong> je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm krit\u00e9riom vhodnej formy zdru\u017eenia. Na z\u00e1klade tohto krit\u00e9ria hovor\u00edme o zdru\u017eeniach vznikaj\u00facich na b\u00e1ze kooper\u00e1cie a koncentr\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Formy zdru\u017een\u00ed podnikov<\/h2>\n<p>Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00fa tieto formy zdru\u017een\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>konzorcium<\/li>\n<li>kartel<\/li>\n<li>odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z<\/li>\n<li>koncern<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Konzorcium<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Konzorcium<\/strong> je zdru\u017eenie pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch alebo fyzick\u00fdch os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 ako do\u010dasn\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo na realiz\u00e1ciu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu, zvy\u010dajne rozsiahleho projektu prevy\u0161uj\u00faceho svojimi n\u00e1rokmi mo\u017enosti a mieru \u00fanosn\u00e9ho podnikate\u013esk\u00e9ho rizika jedn\u00e9ho subjektu. Potrebn\u00fd kapit\u00e1l a riziko sa delia medzi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov (konzorcionalistov).<br \/>\nKonzorcium vznik\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade zmluvy, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del a dobu jeho trvania. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa stret\u00e1vame s bankov\u00fdmi konzorciami na spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00faverovanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch projektov, emisiu akci\u00ed a oblig\u00e1ci\u00ed a podobne. Vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa aj priemyseln\u00e9 konzorci\u00e1 na spolo\u010dn\u00fa realiz\u00e1ciu rozsiahlych projektov (napr. stavebn\u00fdch diel). Konzorcium ako celok nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vnu subjektivitu.<\/p>\n<h3>Kartel<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Kartel<\/strong> predstavuje zmluvn\u00e9, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou horizont\u00e1lne spojenie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edckych podnikov, ktor\u00e9 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa svoju pr\u00e1vnu a ekonomick\u00fa samostatnos\u0165. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom kartelu je ovl\u00e1dnutie trhu prostredn\u00edctvom obmedzenia s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eivosti. Zmluvn\u00e9 strany sa zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa zachov\u00e1va\u0165 vo svojej \u010dinnosti ur\u010dit\u00e9 podminky, aby vo vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch vyl\u00fa\u010dili konkurenciu. Zmluvn\u00e9 dohody m\u00f4\u017eu rozhodovaciu vo\u013enos\u0165 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov, pod\u013ea druhu kartelu, r\u00f4znou silou obmedzi\u0165.<br \/>\nPod\u013ea predmetu zmluvy rozli\u0161ujeme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kondi\u010dn\u00fd kartel<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdrobn\u00fd (kontingenta\u010dn\u00fd) kartel<\/li>\n<li>cenov\u00fd kartel<\/li>\n<li>odbytov\u00fd (region\u00e1lny) kartel<\/li>\n<li>syndik\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kondi\u010dn\u00fd kartel<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade zmluvy, ktorou sa podniky zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa dodr\u017eiava\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 podmienky. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom napr. stanovuj\u00fa presn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch, platobn\u00fdch a kreditn\u00fdch podmienok, z\u00e1ru\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdkonov a in\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch podmienok.<br \/>\n<strong>V\u00fdrobn\u00fd (kontingenta\u010dn\u00fd) kartel<\/strong> je tak\u00fd druh kartelu, kde predmetom zmluvy je stanovenie v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch kontingentov pre podniky, t. j. ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk kartelu sa zav\u00e4zuje vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 len ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estvo.<br \/>\n<strong>Cenov\u00fd kartel <\/strong>stanovuje odbytov\u00e9 ceny vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9ho tovaru a vyra\u010fuje t\u00fdm medzi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi kartelu cenov\u00fa konkurenciu. Cenov\u00e9 obmedzenia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ur\u010den\u00e9 formou minim\u00e1lnych alebo pevn\u00fdch cien, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vy\u0161\u0161ie ako konkuren\u010dn\u00e9 ceny.<br \/>\n<strong>Odbytov\u00fd (region\u00e1lny) kartel <\/strong>vznik\u00e1 zmluvou o priestorovom rozdelen\u00ed trhu. M\u00f4\u017ee tak vznikn\u00fa\u0165 monopoln\u00e9 postavenie toho-ktor\u00e9ho podniku v ur\u010denej oblasti.<br \/>\n<strong>Syndik\u00e1t<\/strong> je najpr\u00edsnej\u0161ia forma kartelu. V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich druhoch kartelu i\u0161lo iba o ur\u010denie ur\u010dit\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed, pri\u010dom podniky samostatne vystupovali na trhu. V syndik\u00e1te u\u017e odbyt produkcie v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov zabezpe\u010duje bu\u010f jeden zo z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch zmluvn\u00fdch podnikov, alebo sa vytvor\u00ed samostatn\u00e1 obchodn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165. V\u00fdrobca tak str\u00e1ca priamy kontakt s trhom. Syndik\u00e1ty sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v priemysle z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch surov\u00edn (napr. uhlie, \u017eelezo, oce\u013e).<br \/>\nV praxi sa len zriedka vyskytuj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 druhy kartelov samostatne. V\u00fdrobn\u00e9 alebo odbytov\u00e9 kartely sa kombinuj\u00fa s cenov\u00fdmi a s kondi\u010dn\u00fdmi kartelmi. Kartelov\u00e9 dohody z\u00e1kon klasifikuje ako nedovolen\u00e9 a neplatn\u00e9, pokia\u013e Protimonomp\u00f3lny \u00farad nedovolil v\u00fdnimku. Viac sa o tom do\u010d\u00edtate v \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euroekonom.sk\/ekonomika\/obchodne-pravo\/pravna-ochrana-hospodarskej-sutaze\/\">Pr\u00e1vna ochrana hospod\u00e1rskej s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"> predstavuje zdru\u017eenie, ktor\u00e9 sa vytv\u00e1ra na reprezent\u00e1ciu spolo\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edckych organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed vo\u010di z\u00e1konodarcovi, verejnosti, \u0161t\u00e1tnej spr\u00e1ve, ostatn\u00fdm zv\u00e4zom a pod. Ide o:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hospod\u00e1rske odborn\u00e9 zv\u00e4zy (Zv\u00e4z podnikate\u013eov, Asoci\u00e1cia l\u00edzingov\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a pod.)<\/li>\n<li>komory (Obchodn\u00e1 a priemyseln\u00e1 komora, Komora komer\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnikov a pod.)<\/li>\n<li>zamestnaneck\u00e9 zv\u00e4zy (Asoci\u00e1cia zamestn\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch zv\u00e4zov a zdru\u017een\u00ed, Asoci\u00e1cia mal\u00fdch a stredn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov a pod.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Koncern<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Koncern<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"> predstavuje zdru\u017eenie podnikov, ktor\u00e9 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa pr\u00e1vnu samostatnos\u0165 a podliehaj\u00fa jednotn\u00e9mu vedeniu. Koncern<\/span> nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vnu subjektivitu. Rozozn\u00e1vame koncerny:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>koncerny zalo\u017een\u00e9 na zmluvnom z\u00e1klade,\n<ul>\n<li>ide o dobrovo\u013en\u00e9 spojenie pr\u00e1vne samostatn\u00fdch podnikov pod jednotn\u00fdm veden\u00edm, kde medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi podnikmi neexistuje kapit\u00e1lov\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165. S\u00fa si navz\u00e1jom rovn\u00e9. Zmluvn\u00e9 strany bu\u010f poveria jednotn\u00fdm veden\u00edm koncernu jeden z podnikov, alebo si vytvoria spolo\u010dn\u00fd org\u00e1n,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>koncerny zalo\u017een\u00e9 na vz\u0165ahovej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou kapit\u00e1lovej z\u00e1vislosti.\n<ul>\n<li>predstavuje zdru\u017eenie ovl\u00e1daj\u00faceho podniku s jedn\u00fdm alebo viacer\u00fdmi z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi podnikmi, pod jednotn\u00fdm veden\u00edm ovl\u00e1daj\u00faceho podniku. V\u0161etky koncernov\u00e9 podniky maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vnu subjektivitu.<\/li>\n<li>za ovl\u00e1daj\u00face podniky sa pova\u017euj\u00fa tie, v ktor\u00fdch FO alebo PO.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ciele zdru\u017eovania Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov je aktivita, pri ktorej doch\u00e1dza k u\u017e\u0161ej spolupr\u00e1ci viacer\u00fdch podnikov na z\u00e1klade otvoren\u00fdch zmluvn\u00fdch alebo skryt\u00fdch doh\u00f4d. Cie\u013eom zdru\u017eovania podnikov je: &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[551,52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podnikam","category-podnikanie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ciele, oblasti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 zdru\u017eovania podnikov. Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov a jeho typy. Konzorcium, kartel, odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z, koncern. Typy kartelov a koncernov.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ciele, oblasti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 zdru\u017eovania podnikov. Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov a jeho typy. Konzorcium, kartel, odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z, koncern. Typy kartelov a koncernov.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-05T10:56:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-13T12:57:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bc. Januska\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bc. Januska\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bc. Januska\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7ff007765bc70c0a20e1487aebea02d9\"},\"headline\":\"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-05T10:56:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T12:57:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1407,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Podnik\u00e1m\",\"Podnikanie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/\",\"name\":\"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-05T10:56:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T12:57:47+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ciele, oblasti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 zdru\u017eovania podnikov. Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov a jeho typy. Konzorcium, kartel, odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z, koncern. Typy kartelov a koncernov.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":600},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\",\"description\":\"Vrtu\u013en\u00edky.sk\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png\",\"width\":201,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/vrtulniky\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7ff007765bc70c0a20e1487aebea02d9\",\"name\":\"Bc. Januska\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vrtulniky.sk\\\/news\\\/author\\\/jana6121\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov","description":"Ciele, oblasti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 zdru\u017eovania podnikov. Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov a jeho typy. Konzorcium, kartel, odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z, koncern. Typy kartelov a koncernov.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov","og_description":"Ciele, oblasti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 zdru\u017eovania podnikov. Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov a jeho typy. Konzorcium, kartel, odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z, koncern. Typy kartelov a koncernov.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/","og_site_name":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/","article_published_time":"2023-02-05T10:56:45+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-05-13T12:57:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Bc. Januska","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"Bc. Januska","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"7 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/"},"author":{"name":"Bc. Januska","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/7ff007765bc70c0a20e1487aebea02d9"},"headline":"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov","datePublished":"2023-02-05T10:56:45+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:57:47+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/"},"wordCount":1407,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg","articleSection":["Podnik\u00e1m","Podnikanie"],"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/","name":"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg","datePublished":"2023-02-05T10:56:45+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:57:47+00:00","description":"Ciele, oblasti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 zdru\u017eovania podnikov. Zdru\u017eovanie podnikov a jeho typy. Konzorcium, kartel, odborn\u00fd zv\u00e4z, koncern. Typy kartelov a koncernov.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letecky-vikend-kosice-037.jpg","width":800,"height":600},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/zdruzovanie-podnikov\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\ufeffZdru\u017eovanie podnikov"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/","name":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem","description":"Vrtu\u013en\u00edky.sk","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#organization","name":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/news-vrtulniky-sk-logo-e1660318023553.png","width":201,"height":200,"caption":"Podnik\u00e1m, lietam a relaxujem"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrtulniky\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/7ff007765bc70c0a20e1487aebea02d9","name":"Bc. Januska","url":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/author\/jana6121\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9987"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9987\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vrtulniky.sk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}